Midterm Exam Essays
(50% of midterm examination)

Directions: 
Answer one of the following two questions in a clear, well-organized essay.  There is no right or wrong response to these questions, but a good essay will have a clear argument or thesis, a coherent structure, and it will support its thesis by citing evidence.  I do not expect you to use direct quotations on an exam essay, but you should refer whenever possible to specific events, people or primary-source texts that illustrate or substantiate your points.

Your response must be typed, and it should be no longer than 2 1/4 double-spaced pages in length.  (After you prepare and outline your response you should spend no more than an hour writing the actual essay.)   You should bring your typed essay with you to the exam and hand it in before taking the objective/short answer part of the exam.


Option A

            Discuss the ministries of women and the rise and decline of female leadership in the first three centuries of the Christian movement.  Which primary-source texts suggest that women played leadership roles in the first three centuries, and what kinds of ministries did they perform?  Which primary-source texts reflect efforts to limit those ministries?  Finally, what biblical, theological and/or social factors help explain the increasing restrictions placed upon women’s leadership in the church?

Option B
             “If on the issue of marriage and church leadership patristic Christianity remained resolutely traditional, on other fronts there were ways for women to make their mark.”
            -Elizabeth Clark, “Early Christian Women,” in That Gentle Strength. Historical Perspectives on Women in Christianity (1990)

Discuss Clark’s observation with regard to Christian women of the first five centuries.  Describe three different ways in which Christian women “made their mark” in the Christian community and/or Roman society as a whole.  Refer to at least one text or example to illustrate each point.  (At least one example must come from the pre-Constantinian period and one from the post-Constantinian period.)  In conclusion, explain whether you think Christianity had primarily a positive or primarily a negative impact on women of this period.