Emperor Theodosius II (408-450)
Cyril of Alexandria
Nestorius, Nestorianism
Theotokos
Council of Ephesus (431) = Third Ecumenical Council
Monophysite [=1 nature]
Council of Chalcedon (451) = Fourth Ecumenical Council
Bishop Leo I of Rome
Tome of Leo
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The Formula of Chalcedon (451)

THEREFORE, following the holy fathers, we all with one accord teach men to acknowledge
one and the same Son, our Lord Jesus Christ,
at once complete in Godhead and complete in manhood,
truly God and truly man,
consisting also of a reasonable soul and body;

of one substance with the Father as regards his Godhead,     [=homoousios, vs. Arianism]
and at the same time of one substance with us as regards his manhood;
like us in all respects, apart from sin;

as regards his Godhead, begotten of the Father before the ages,
but yet as regards his manhood begotten, for us men and for our salvation,
of Mary the Virgin, the Godbearer;       [= Theotokos]

one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, Only-begotten,
recognized in two natures,       [vs. Monophysitism]
without confusion, without change, without division, without separation;

the distinction of natures being in no way annulled by the union,
but rather the characteristics of each nature being preserved
and coming together to form one person and subsistence,         [Alexandrian emphasis]
not as parted or separated into two persons,                             [vs. extreme Nestorianism]
but one and the same Son and Only-begotten God the Word, Lord Jesus Christ;

even as the prophets from earliest times spoke of him,
and our Lord Jesus Christ himself taught us,
and the creed of the fathers has handed down to us.  [= Nicene Creed]