Review Questions 1
1.  What is meant by a status and a solidarity approach to English? What examples can you use from the case studies so far this semester to illustrate how these principles work?
2.  Who determines what is Standard English? Are there varying standards for spoken and written English? What do we mean by exonormative and endonormative standards? Why are these concepts important in the varieties of World English we have studied so far?
3.  How do language attitude surveys work? How do you react to someone who might say "You ain't nothing but a ....." What does that say about the power of standard English as a prestige form? How does this power vary in different parts of the English speaking world?
4.  Review the social factors surrounding how English "killed" Irish. Using Irish as a case study, describe the relationship of English and the maintenance or loss of an ethnic identity. How does Irish English illustrate how a substratum works? Why is Irish English important in describing the spread of World English?
5.  What is the basis of Canadian English? Why is it so similar to US English? How does it differ? Based on the historical basis of CE, why is the Ottowa study interesting?
6.  Why has Newfoundland English been autonomous from Canadian English? How is that changing and why?
7.  Why do Australian and New Zealand English sound so different from US/Canadian English? What similarities do they have? Why are Australian and New Zealand English somewhat uniform throughout the country but US and Canadian English have different dialects?
8. What do the Australian and New Zealand studies reveal about the role of language in solidarity building? What implications does this have for the spread of English as a world language?
9.  Who owns English? The Brits? The Yanks? The Canucks? The Pakehas? The Aussies? What evidence is there that English will or will not disappear into mutually unintelligible dialects?
10. What have the studies so far indicated about how male and female English differ?
11. What is a "Labovian" approach to studying world English?
12. What is a "seeded passage"? Why are they useful when studying world English?
13. Explain how Moag's typology of world English works and explains how English has spread around the world. What seems to be spreading the language today? Give examples of the multiple ways that English is used as a language of world communication.