Checking for Diglossia
Filipino Case Study
Part 1: The Media
English Teachers in Metro Manila and the Visayas
Listening | Radio | Music | Television | TV News | Movies
Reading | Newspapers | Magazines | Books
Part 2
 
850 Teachers (Metro Manila 494, Visayas 356)
Listening to English

Radio
 
 

Table 1. Teachers and the language of radio:
Metro Manila (MM) and Visayas (Vis) preference percentage according to age

 
    LANGUAGE    
  English Filipino Both Other
MM (n=455, 92.10% of teachers)        
18-24 (n=72) 59.72 19.44 20.84 0.00
25-34 (n=121) 52.07 15.70 32.23 0.00
35-44 (n=91) 40.66 15.38 43.96 0.00
45+ (n=171) 29.24 22.22 46.78 1.76
Vis (n=322, 90.45% of teachers)        
18-24 (n=96) 39.58 28.13 18.75 13.54
25-34 (n=89) 24.72 28.09 24.72 22.47
35-44 (n=61) 22.95 29.51 31.15 16.39
45+ (n=76) 18.42 30.26 27.63 23.59

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Music
 
 

Table 2. Teachers and the language of singing:
Metro Manila (MM) and Visayas (Vis) preference percentage according to age

 
  ENGLISH FILIPINO BOTH
MM (n=437, 88.46% of teachers)      
18-24 (n=68)
70.59
1.47
27.94
25-34 (n=122)
58.20
1.64
40.16
35-44 (n=84)
60.71
2.38
36.91
45+ (n=163)
58.28
1.84
39.88
Vis (n=327, 91.85% of teachers)      
18-24 (n=98)
77.55
6.12
16.33
25-34 (n=97)
56.70
5.15
38.15
35-44 (n=62)
56.45
9.68
33.87
45+ (n=70)
60.00
10.00
30.00
Combined MM and Vis (n=764, 89.88%)
61.91
4.19
33.90

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Television
 
 

Table 3. Television and preferred viewing language of teachers without cable:
Metro Manila (MM) and Visayas (Vis) preference percentages according to age

 
   
LANGUAGE
  
 
English
Filipino
Both
MM (n=494)      
No Cable (n=339, 68.62% of teachers)
23.60
15.04
61.36
18-24 (n=49)
22.45
20.41
57.14
25-34 (n=93)
32.26
13.98
53.76
35-44 (n=73)
16.44
16.44
67.12
45+ (n=124)
21.78
12.90
 65.32
Vis (n=356)      
No Cable (n=189, 53.09% of teachers)
13.76
36.50
49.74
18-24 (n=60)
18.33
38.33
43.34
25-34 (n=54)
18.52
20.37
61.11
35-44 (n=36)
2.78
47.22
50.00
45+ (n=39)
10.26
46.15
43.59
tvc
 
 
Table 4. Television and preferred viewing language of teachers with cable:
Metro Manila (MM) and Visayas (Vis) preference percentages according to age
 
 
   
LANGUAGE
  
 
English
Filipino
Both
MM (n=494)      
Cable (n=155, 31.38% of teachers)
65.16
12.90
21.94
18-24 (n=25)
64.00
20.00
16.00
25-34 (n=37)
67.57
8.11
24.32
35-44 (n=25)
60.00
12.00
28.00
45+ (n=68)
66.18
13.24
 20.58
Vis (n=356)      
Cable (n=167, 46.91% of teachers)
52.10
21.56
26.34
18-24 (n=43)
79.07
9.30
11.63
25-34 (n=50)
54.00
20.00
26.00
35-44 (n=31)
29.03
29.03
41.94
45+ (n=43)
39.54
30.23
30.23
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TV News.
 
 

Table 5. Teachers from Metro Manila (MM) and the language of TV news
compared by cable access and age group in percentage

 
   
LANGUAGE
  
 
English
Filipino
Both
MM (n=470, 95.14% of teachers)      
No Cable (n=332)
31.93
18.07
50.00
18-24 (n=47)
36.17
34.04
29.79
25-34 (n=91)
26.37
25.27
48.36
35-44 (n=70)
35.72
7.14
57.14
45+ (n=124)
32.26
12.90
 54.84




Cable (n=138)
45.65
15.94
38.41
18-24 (n=25)
48.00
20.00
32.00
25-34 (n=37)
29.73
24.32
45.95
35-44 (n=24)
41.67
12.50
45.83
45+ (n=52)
57.69
9.62
 32.69
 nc
 
 
Table 6. Teachers in the Visayas (Vis) and the language of TV news
compared by cable access and age group in percentage

 
 
   
LANGUAGE
  
 
English
Filipino
Both
Vis (n=331, 92.98% of teachers)      
No Cable (n=181)
28.18
33.70
38.12
18-24 (n=57)
28.07
36.84
35.09
25-34 (n=51)
29.41
31.37
39.22
35-44 (n=35)
20.00
45.71
34.29
45+ (n=38)
34.21
21.05
44.74




Cable (n=150)
36.00
13.33
50.67
18-24 (n=42)
40.48
16.67
42.85
25-34 (n=48)
37.50
12.50
50.00
35-44 (n=29)
27.59
13.79
58.62
45+ (n=31)
35.48
9.68
54.84

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Movies
 
 

Table 7. Teachers and English language movies:
Metro Manila (MM) and Visayas (Vis) compared by age in percentage

 
 
Went to Movies

Last Month

 Movie Was

in English
MM (n=494)
57.49
62.68
18-24 (n=74)
83.78
69.35
25-34 (n=130)
66.15
54.65
35-44 (n=98)
48.98
56.67
45+ (n=192)
45.83
53.64



Vis (n=356 )
47.19
26.79
18-24 (n=103)
78.64
32.10
25-34 (n=104)
42.30
22.73
35-44 (n=67)
32.89
22.73
45+ (n=82)
25.61
19.05
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Reading English

Newspapers.
 
 

Table 8. Teachers and newspaper reading:
Metro Manila (MM) and Visayas (Vis) compared by language and reading frequency in percentage

 
  English Filipino Both
MM (n=494)      
Never read news (n=11)      
A few times a week (n=248)
69.76
1.61
28.63
Almost daily (n=235)
72.76
0.43
26.81
Overall Preference
71.22
1.04
27.74
Vis (n=356)      
Never read news (n=9)      
A few times a week (n=289)
75.09
5.53
19.38
Almost daily (n=58)
77.59
1.72
20.69
Overall Preference
75.50
4.90
19.60

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Magazines and journals.
 
 

Table 9: Teachers and the language of magazine and journal reading:
Metro Manila (MM) and Visayas (Vis) compared in percentage

 
  ENGLISH FILIPINO BOTH
MM (n=477, 96.56% of teachers)
83.65
1.26
15.09
Vis (n=351, 98.60% of teachers)
80.63
2.85
16.52
Combined (n=828, 97.41 % of teachers)
82.37
1.93
15.70

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Books
 
 

Table 10: Teachers and language of books in pleasure reading in last six months:
Metro Manila (MM) and Visayas (Vis) compared in percentage

 
  ENGLISH FILIPINO BOTH
MM (n=139, 28.14% of teachers)
94.96
2.16
2.88
Vis (n=73, 20.51% of teachers)
91.78
4.11
4.11
Combined (n=212, 24.94% of teachers)
93.87
2.83
3.30
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