Filipino Code Switching: Basketball Taglish

Taglish Example:
    1. Pumaren looking up. #Six point lead. #Patrimonio nasa gitna. #Finger roll.#Wala!# No foul# (N99, N100, N101, N102, N103, N104)

    2. in middle nothing

      "Pumaren looking up. Six point lead. Patrimonio in the middle. Finger roll. Missed. No foul."
       

      Table 1 Taglish in the Speech of two Basketball Commentators

     
     
    Dr. J
    Noli
    Words
     
    Total 2405 2996
    English 2081 1813
    % English 86.53% 60.51%
    Clauses    
    Total 364 488
    Words/clause 6.61 6.14
    English only 276 172
    % English only 75.83% 35.25%
    Tagalog only 37 143
    % Tagalog only 10.16% 29.30%
    Taglish 51 173
    % Taglish 14.01% 35.45%

    Types of Switching: Alternation | Insertion | Convergence |


    Alternation

    Noli: A weak pass tapped out by Benny Cheng at mananatili ang bola sa panig ng Purefoods. (N256, N257)

And will remain the ball on side of "A weak pass tapped out by Benny Cheng and the ball will remain on the side of Purefoods."

Table 2 Alternation between Turns

 
 
2nd speaker
Dr. J
2nd speaker
Noli
Language Pattern    
English/English
74
65
Tagalog/English
46
10
Turn starts in English
120 (80.54%)
75 (50.34%)
Tagalog/Tagalog
14
27
English/Tagalog
15
47
Turn starts in Tagalog
29 (19.46%)
74 (49.66%)
Total Turns
149
149

                Commentary continues in English

                        14.) Dr. J: They are not wilting under the pressure right now (J59)

Noli: So far, so far. Patromonio (N84)

Dr. J: Good (J60)

Noli: It is good. He gets the basket, but he travels in this case after that. (N85-87)

Dr. J: Yeah, he had extra step after he stopped. (J61)
 

                Commentary continues in Tagalog.
    1. Noli: Malalaki na ito, Dr. J. (N30)

    2. Big already these

      "These (players) are already tall, Dr. J."

      Dr. J: Talagang malalaki at saka, mabibigat. (J26)

      Really big and also heavy

      "They are really tall and heavy."

      Noli: Ito na ang Itramuros Wall ng Corned Beef Cowboys. (N31)

      This already the of

      "This is already the Intramuros Wall of the Corned Beef Cowboys."


      English followed by Tagalog commentary

    3. Dr. J: They have three to give before they get into the penalty. Almost, huh (J232-234)

    4. Noli: Ipinasa niya. Natapik palabas ni Dindo Pumaren. (N337-338)

      Passed he tapped out by

      "He passed the ball. It was tapped out by Dindo Pumaren."

      Dr. J: That’s what we can expect from Dindo Pumaren at these stages of the ballgame, the hustle, the pick-up. You really got to protect the ball as if it was your life. (J235-237)
       
       

    5. Dr. J: Nobody is calling a time out? (J251)

    6. Noli: Walang timeout. (N360)

      None

      "No timeout"
       

    7. Dr. J. He’s playing hurt. (J101)

    8. Noli: Oo. Nagkaroon po ito ng kapansanan back in the first half. (N134)

      Yes had this of disability

      "Yes, he had an injury back in the first half."
       

      Table 3 Alternation within a Turn

     
     
    Dr. J
    Noli
    Language Pattern    
    English/English
    143
    85
    Tagalog/Tagalog
    17
    96
    No Shift between Clauses
    160 (74.42%)
    181 (53.39%) 
    Tagalog/English
    25
    78
    English/Tagalog
    30
    80
    Shift between Clauses
    55 (25.58%)
    158 (46.61%)
    Total Possible Shifts
    215
    339
  1. Noli: This is going to be a close one down the stretch. Bal David pumapay ng baseline.

  2. fanning of

    "This is going to be a close one down the stretch. Bal David is fanning the baseline."

    Dumaan siya sa kanto. Mintis. Rebounds. Sa kanya pa rin. Lumapit. Fall away.

    Passed he in corner missed in him still approached

    "He passed to the corner and missed. Rebounds. Still has the ball. He approaches. Falls away."

    Medyo pinilit iyan. Rebound. Nakuha ni Wilmer Ong. (N138-N146)

    Little bit forced that got by

    "Looks a little forced. Rebound. Wilmer Ong got it."

  3. Dr J: Kanina, one, one ang foul. Ngayon apat na naman sa isa.

  4. A while ago the now four linker again on one

    "A while ago the foul was one, one. Now, it is already four on one.

    Gordon’s just gives up the fouls so easily. They don’t challenge with their defense and they just cannot. They really have a lot of problems with the movement pace of Purefoods." (J112-117)

  5. Dr. J: By the way, they also let him sit out because of the deliberate foul. He’s back in the ballgame. He has five personal fouls kung hindi ako nagkakamali. (J97-100)

  6. if not I mistaken

    "if I’m not mistaken."
     

  7. Noli: Twenty second time out, ang hinibingi ni Eric Altamirano, with four

  8. the being asked for by

    "asked for by Eric Altamirano"

    seconds remaining in the shot clock. (N323)
     

  9. Dr. J: That is why medyo may itatagal siguro. (J33)

  10. a little bit have sustain maybe

    "That is why he can probably keep going."
     

  11. Noli: And Gordon’s really cranking it up ngayon sa depensa. (N335)

  12. now in defense

    "And Gordon’s really cranking it up now in the defense."
     
     
     

t
    Insertion
              Dr. J: Parang walang problema kay Jerry yong fade away. (J18)
Like no problem for that
"It seems like Jerry does not have any problem with that fade away."
     

    Table 4 Code Mixing through Insertion

     
     
    Dr. J
    Noli
    Clauses with English Base
    288
    240
    With Tagalog Inserts
    20 (6.94%)
    73 (30.42%)
    Clauses with Tagalog Base
    76
    248
    With English Inserts
    29 (38.16%)
    99 (39.92%)

    Table 5 Grammatical Category of English Insertions in Tagalog Clauses

     
     
    Dr. J
    Noli
    Noun
    7
    32
    Complex Nominal
    14
    45
    Det. Adj. Noun
    0
    2
    Prepositional Phrase
    2
    8
    Verb
    4
    4
    Predicate Adjectival
    2
    4
    Coordinating Conjunction
    2
    6
    Subordinating Conjunction
    2
    0
    Rejoinder/tag
    2
    11
    Adverbial
    3
    8
    Number
    2
    3
    TOTAL
    40
    123
  1. Noli: Patromonio sumiksik sa baseline. (N167)

  2. moved closer to

    "Patromonio moved closer to the baseline."
     

  3. Dr. J: Ang plano talaga, isasagad siya dito sa second half. (J34)

  4. The plan really push the limit he here in

    "The plan is to really push him to the limit here in the second half."
     

  5. Noli: Pero isa pa ring good presence of mind mula kay Dindo Pumaren. (N13)

  6. But one more also from

    "But one more (display) of good presence of mind by Dindo Pumaren."
     
     
     

  7. Noli: At kasama ngayon ni Anthony, the winning coach si Sonny Jaworski. (N459)
And with now with subject marker

"And now with Anthony is the winning coach, Sonny Jaworski."


30.) Noli: but no blue shirts na kasama niya.

that with him
"but there are no blue shirts (his team) around him."

31.) Dr. J: Nahuli lang siya doon in that last play.(J96)

Caught only he there

"Only he was caught in that last play."

    1. Noli: Since 1991, pamula noong nanalo ang Ginebra from a 1,3,1 deficit….(N16)

    2. since when won the

      "Since 1991, when Ginebra won from a 1,3,1 "

    3. Noli: Nagha-huddle yong mga azul. Nagha-huddle rin yong mga puti. (N190, 191)

    4. Huddling those pl. blue huddling also those pl. while

      "The blues are huddling. The whites are huddling too."

    5. Dr. J: Siyempre, tatayo lang si Marlou, hindi na di-dribble yan. (J323, 324)

    6. Of course, stand only focus marker not already will dribble that

      "Of course, Marlou will just stand there, he will no longer dribble."
       

    7. Dr. J: Yong covered na yan, parang may maktapat na board diyan. (J56)

    8. That that like have across that there

      "That is covered like there is a board across it." (i.e. the shot is blocked)
       

    9. Noli: So hindi nakapagtawag ng time out (N406)

    10. No able to call a

      "So they weren’t able to call a time out."
       

    11. Dr. J: Because may ano, pero mali lang yata ni Evangelista. (J221,222)

    12. have what, but wrong only maybe by

      "Because there is something, but I think that Evangelista only made a mistake."

    13. Noli: Well, dies y ocho puntos na si Defense Minister. (N52)

    14. eighteen points already actor case

      "Well, the Defense Minister already has eighteen points."

    15. Noli: Only once na hindi siya naka double digits. (N26)

    16. that no he able to

      "It only happened once that he was not able to score double digits."

    17. Noli: Three, one ang ating talaan sa series. (N146)

    18. the our list in

      "Our list for the series says three, one."

      Table 6 Grammatical Category of Tagalog Insertions in English Clauses

     
     
    Dr. J
    Noli
    Noun
    0
    0
    Complex Nominal
    0
    0
    Focus/case marker + Nominal
    1
    7
    Focus/case marker
    4
    41
    Verb
    0
    0
    Coordinating Conjunction
    2
    9
    Subordinating Conjunction
    1
    0
    Rejoinder/Tag
    10
    12
    Adverbial clitics
    5
    15
    Numbers
    0
    4
    TOTAL
    23
    88
  1. Noli: This is really the kind of basketball that ang dalawang koponan are trying to find. (N124)

  2. the two teams

    "This is really the kind of basketball that the two teams are trying to find."

  3. Dr. J: Oo, it’s been a big quarter for Purefoods. (J4)
Yes

"Yes, it’s been a big quarter for Purefoods."


43.) Noli: They’re responding to the challenge, ano, Dr. J? (N83)

right

"They’re responding to the challenge, aren’t they, Dr. J?"
 

    1. Dr. J: And they are not yet in the penalty, mga kaibigan. (J 290)

    2. Pl. friend

      "And they are not yet in the penalty, my friends."
       

    3. Dr. J: Expensive hardware, ika nga. (J204)

    4. say really

      "Expensive hardware, as we say."

    5. Noli: Point lead na lamang. (N72)

    6. now only

      "There’s just a point lead."
       

    7. Noli: …and they have too much points pa rin. (N480)

    8. still also

      "and still they have too much points."
       

    9. Noli: They’ve come out in droves dito sa Araneta Coliseum. (N125)

    10. here loc.

      "They’ve come out in droves here at the Araneta Coliseum."

    11. Noli: Pero Dindo decided to give it to Alvin. (N405)

    12. But

      "But Dindo decided to give it to Alvin."

    13. Noli: There is no tomorrow para sa Gordons team. (N3)

    14. Patient

      "There is no tomorrow for the Gordons team."

    15. Noli: We will have game number six on Sunday sa Cuneta Astrodome. (N482)
Location

"We will have game number six on Sunday at the Cuneta Astrodome.

        52.) Noli: Si Noli Locsin has four fouls. (N279)

        Focus target for names of people

        "Noli Locsin has four fouls."
 

t
Congruent Lexicalization

Discourse Markers

            53.) Dr. J: It was a second time around, ano? (J15)

what?
"It was a second time around, right?"

 
            54.) Noli: Well, walang gumagalaw. (N242)
none moving

"Well, nobody’s moving."
 

    1. Dr. J: Oo, and a loose ball foul on Jerry. (J179)

    2. Yes

      "Yes, and a loose ball foul on Jerry."
       

    3. Noli: Pero Dindo decided to give it to Alvin. (N405)

    4. But

      "But Dindo decided to give it to Alvin."
       

    5. Dr. J: It’s strictly inside na ginagawa niya ngayon. Almost always all play. (J266-268) that doing he now
"It’s strictly inside what he’s doing now. Almost always all play."

Noli: Oo.(N 382)

"Yes"

Dr. J: Tama rin naman. The other team is in penalty.

Correct also too

"That’s also correct. The other team is in penalty"

Why not try to go for the foul? (J269-271)

            Noli: Oo. One more. Twenty free throws ngayong araw na ito si Alvin

            Yes. Now today this TG

"Yes. One more. Alvin Patrimonio now has twenty free throws."

Patrimonio (N384-385)

                                Dr. J: For himself? (J272)

                                Noli: Oh, yes. (N386)

                                Dr. J: Ton of free throws (J273)

                                Noli: Yes. (N397)

Table 7 Frequency of Various Tagalog Focus/Case Markers in English

 
  Dr. J Noli
Focus Target    
Ang
 
6
si (personal names)
 
7
Semantic Case    
laban sa (adversary ‘against’)
 
1
laban kay (adversary-personal name ‘against’)
 
3
mula sa (source ‘from’)
 
1
mula kay (source-personal name ‘from’)
 
1
ng (actor ‘of’ ‘by’)
 
3
ni (actor-personal name ‘of,’ ‘by’)
 
4
para sa (beneficiary ‘for’)
 
9
para kay (beneficiary-personal name ‘for’)
 
3
sa (location/direction ‘at,’ ‘in,’ ‘to,’ etc.)
4
4
 
58.) Dr. J: There is a call of that nature again sa Gordon’s Gin, so it’ll be a side court throw in. (J29, 30) to
"There is a call of that nature again against Gordon’s Gin"


59.  Noli: We will have game number six on Sunday sa Cuneta Astrodome. (N482)
                                            at
"We’ll have game number six on Sunday at the Cuneta Astrodome."

                60.) Noli: And it’s back to a ten-point lead para sa Gordon’s Gin boys. (N21)

                    for

"And it’s back to a ten-point lead for the Gordon’s Gin boys."

    1. Noli: Hizon from the corner, missed it, rebound ni Bong Ravena. (N313-315)

    2. By

      "Hizon from the corner, missed it, rebound by Bong Ravena."
       

    3. Noli: He’s played defense laban kay Patrimonio in addition to a total of six points

    4. against

      para kay Wilmer Ong. (N182)

      for

      "He’s played defense against Patrimonio in addition to a total of six points for Wilmer Ong."

    5. Noli: Second personal foul ni Bal David. First team foul ng Gordon’s Gin. (N60-
61)

of of

"Bal David’s second personal foul. Gordon Gin’s first team foul"


 

64.) Noli: And so, si Sonny Jaworski loses one white body. (N183)

ACTOR FOCUS
"And so, Sonny Jaworski loses one white body."

65) Noli: Ang Purefoods is not yet in the penalty. (N416)

ACTOR FOCUS

"Purefoods is not yet in the penalty."