Final exam review terms

 

DNA

Nucleotide bases – what are they?

RNA

Genetic code

Dominant and recessive alleles

Ancient DNA

Mitochondrial DNA

Nuclear DNA

Autosomal DNA

Sex chromosomes

Genetic diversity

Heterozygosity

Homozygote/heterozygote

Neanderthal

Neanderthal DNA sequence data

Cro-Magnon

Multiregional (and other names) theory of human evolution

Out-of-Africa (and other names) theory of human evolution

Colonization of the New World

Colonization of Europe

Basques

Colonization of Ireland

Colonization of Polynesia

PCR

Restriction endonuclease

RFLP

Microsatellite

Gene

Locus

Polymorphism/variant/mutation/SNP/biallelic

Allele

Allele frequencies

DNA polymerase

Blood groups

Rhesus blood groups

Coding vs non-coding regions

Transitions and transversions

Genetic drift

Migration

Natural selection

Gene flow

Population size

Effective population size

Census population size

Genetic distance

Ape/human split

“modern” vs “archaic” humans

Phylogenetic analysis and networks

Most recent common ancestor (MRCA)

Molecular clock

Population tree vs individual or gene tree

Population bottleneck

Homo erectus and Homo sapiens

Neolithic, Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Stone Age

Somatic vs germline cells

Heteroplasmy

Reference mitochondrial sequence

Species concepts/speciation

Recombination

Mitochondrial DNA and recombination

Mitochondrial Eve

Genotype/phenotype

Coalescent theory

Genetic differentiation

Pairwise difference distribution/mismatch distribution

HIV-1, its origin, its causes

Malaria, resistance, G6PD