1. Climate is

    a. the weather of a region.
    b. the short-term condition of the atmosphere.
    c. the long-term atmospheric condition.
    d. river navigation.
    e. all of these uses are "climate."

2. Why does it rain on climatologists' picnics?

    a. Climatologists want it to rain on their picnics so they plan them for rainy days.
    b. Climatologists study long-term weather and don't pay attention to weather one to three days in the future so they don't know whether it is going to rain.
    c. Climatologists live where it always rains.
    d. Climatologists' picnics always include efforts to seed clouds with condensation nuclei, thereby making it rain.
    e. Nobody knows.

3. Which of the following is not true of climate?

    a. it includes weather averages.
    b. it includes extremes of weather.
    c. it consists of long-term patterns that are static, i.e. do not change over time.
    d. climate plays a major role in the location of biological regions, called biomes.
    e. it is controlled by the interactions (e.g. heat exchange) between the various "spheres" of the Earth system: atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere.

    a. rain forests in the equatorial tropics
    b. humid continental climates that have mild summers.
    c. highland climates.
    d. cold steppe climates.
    e. Mediterranean climates.

8. Which of the following lists the correct, generalized sequence of Köppen-Geiger classification (Appendix B in the text) system from the equator to the poles?

    a. H -> D -> C -> B -> A
    b. H -> B -> C -> D -> E
    c. A -> B -> C -> D -> E
    d. E -> D -> C -> B -> A
    e. B -> A -> D -> E -> C

9.  Which of the following factors are not included in the Köppen-Geiger classification system (Appendix B in the text)?

    a. wind
    b. temperature extremes
    c. precipitation intensity
    d. available soil moisture
    e. none of these factors are included.

10. In terms of total land and ocean area, which of the following Köppen-Geiger climate classifications (Appendix B in the text) is the most extensive at 36 per cent of the Earth's surface.

    a. A climates
    b. B climates
    c. C climates
    d. D climates
    e. H climates

11. Which of the following is false regarding the tropical rain forest climate?

    a. It is influenced by the ITCZ year-round.
    b. It does not experience a winter season.
    c. The annual temperature range is smaller than the daily temperature range.
    d. Thunderstorms occur almost daily.
    e. There is a persistent soil-moisture deficit.

12. The tropical savannah climate has

    a. the ITCZ in summer and the subtropical high in winter.
    b. the polar front in winter and the subtropical high in summer.
    c. the ITCZ all year round.
    d. thePolar front all year-round.

13. The humid subtropical climate receives ____________ precipitation during the summer and _________ precipitation in winter.

    a. convectional; frontal
    b. frontal; convectional
    c. orographic; frontal
    d. convectional; ITCZ
    e. frontal; orographic

14. According to the text, the Pacific Northwest region of the U.S. is a moist environment because of

    a. the effect of maritime air masses.
    b. the presence of mountains.
    c. the predominant direction the winds blow at that latitude (about 45 to 50 degrees N).
    d. All of these answers (except "none") are correct.
    e. None of these answers are correct.

15. Los Angeles, California, located in a Mediterranean climate zone, is kept _____ during the summer because of the presence of ______.

    a. dry; mountains along the western side of the city.
    b. dry; the cold California current off the coast.
    c. wet; mountains along the western side of the city.
    d. wet; the warm California current off the coast.
    e. wet; the influence of the warm mT air mass off the coast.

16. A climate that is mesothermal and has a long, hot, dry summer and cool, moist winter is designated as

    a. tropical savanna
    b. semiarid steppe
    c. Mediterranean
    d. humid subtropical, hot summer
    e. humid continental, hot summer

17. According to the text, soils in a tropical rain forest are nutrient ________ because __________.

    a. rich; leaves fallen from trees provide large amounts of organic matter to the soil.
    b. rich; organic matter remains in the soil for a long time due to the slow rate at which it decomposes.
    c. poor; organic matter remains in the soil for a long time due to the slow rate at which it decomposes.
    d. poor; heavy rains wash away nutrients and organic matter decomponses very quickly under the moist, hot conditions.
    e. variable; different vegetation types and climates result in different kinds of soils.

18. The dry season in the tropical monsoon climate occurs when

    a. cold air masses dominate the region.
    b. the ITCZ is not overhead.
    c. the ITCZ is overhead.
    d. cold ocean currents shift into the region.
    e. there is no dry season in tropical monsoon climate.

19. Which climatic region contains and feeds the greatest number of people in the world?

    a. wet equatorial
    b. tropical savannah
    c. mesothermal
    d. microthermal
    e. highland.

20. Consider the 5 climographs below. The location of site 1 is

    a. continental, high latitude.
    b. coastal, mid-latitude.
    c. coastal or continental, between 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south latitude
    d. high altitude, high latitude.
    e. low elevation, tropical latitude.

21. Consider the 5 climographs below. The location of site 2 is

    a. continental, high latitude.
    b. coastal, mid-latitude.
    c. coastal or continental, between 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south latitude
    d. coastal, subtropical.
    e. low elevation, tropical latitude.

22. Consider the 5 climographs below. The location of site 3 is

    a. continental, high latitude.
    b. coastal, mid-latitude.
    c. coastal or continental, between 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south latitude
    d. coastal, subtropical.
    e. low elevation, tropical latitude.

23. Consider the 5 climographs below. The location of site 4 is

    a. continental, high latitude.
    b. coastal, mid-latitude.
    c. coastal or continental, between 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south latitude
    d. coastal, subtropical.
    e. low elevation, tropical latitude.

24. Consider the 5 climographs below. The location of site 5 is

    a. continental, high latitude.
    b. coastal, mid-latitude.
    c. coastal or continental, between 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south latitude
    d. coastal, subtropical.
    e. low elevation, tropical latitude.

25. The Köppen-Geiger designation for site 3 is ______, and is called ___________.

    a. BW, Desert Climate
    b. Cfa, Humid Subtropical without dry season
    c. Dfa, Humid continental, hot summers
    d. Af, Tropical Rain Forest
    e. Csa, Mediterranean summer-dry climate

26. The Köppen-Geiger designation for site 1 is ______, and is called ___________.

    a. BW, Desert Climate
    b. Cfa, Humid Subtropical without dry season
    c. Dfa, Humid continental, hot summers
    d. Af, Tropical Rain Forest
    e. Csa, Mediterranean summer-dry climate

27. Which of the following is not true of the Mediterranean climate?

    a. dry summers and wet winters.
    b. year-round drought.
    c. specific kind of vegetation called "chapparal" in the United States.
    d. region of the world that produces the best wines.
    e. probably the most widely known climate because of exposure in movies and television shows.