Religions, Roads, and Trade in Asian History (Syllabus)

REL 3938, section 6411 / HIS 3931, section 4931, Spring 2006

Flint 11, Tuesday period 4 (10:40-11:30 a.m.) and Thursday periods 4-5 (10:40 – 12:35)

Course website: http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/jneelis/classes/rel_3938.html

Vista: http://lss.at.ufl.edu/

 

Instructor: Dr. Jason Neelis                               Teaching Assistant: Bradley Ackroyd

jneelis@religion.ufl.edu                         ackroyd@ufl.edu

130 Anderson                                                  119 Anderson

Office Hours: Tuesday, 3:00-4:30                     Tuesday 11:30-12:30

392-1625, ext. 240                                          392-1625, ext. 223, voice mailbox 317

 

Course description:

This interdisciplinary course examines the role of trade and trade routes in the movement and transformation of various religious traditions in Asia. We will investigate the transmission of religions such as Buddhism which originated in South Asia and the expansion of Islam and other traditions throughout Asia. The concept of “roads” encompasses both overland and maritime trade networks, including the so-called Silk Road extending from East Asia to the Mediterranean and monsoon routes across the Indian Ocean. Various itineraries are explored by studying archeological patterns “on the ground” and literary accounts of agents (merchants, pilgrims, monks, missionaries, scholars, and soldiers) for religious and economic changes. Questions about patronage of shrines and monasteries by different social groups, administration of economic and religious institutions, and commodities involved in long-distance trade are addressed in various primary and secondary readings. Other issues, themes and topics include trading diasporas, migrations, roles of merchants and missionaries in colonialism and globalism, and interrelationships between religion, commerce and art.

 

Course Goals:

  • to understand cross-cultural religious and economic exchanges by focusing on specific routes during particular periods
  • to assess socio-economic reasons for the implantation and adoption of religious beliefs and practices
  • to analyze how religious factors influence economic patterns

 

Textbooks:

(available for purchase from Goerings Book Store, 1717 NW 1st Ave. and for checkout from Course Reserves in Marston Science Library)

Philip Curtin, Cross-cultural Trade in World History (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1984).

Xinru Liu, Silk Road: Overland Trade and Cultural Interactions in Eurasia (American Historical Association, Washington D.C.: 1998).

Patricia Risso, Merchants & Faith: Muslim Commerce and Culture in the Indian Ocean (Westview Press, Boulder/San Francisco/Oxford: 1995).

Tansen Sen, Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade: The Realignment of Sino-Indian Relations, 600-1400 (Association for Asian Studies and University of Hawaii, Honolulu: 2003).

 

Requirements:

Attendance and Participation: 10 %

Attendance and contributions to discussions will be carefully monitored. After three unexcused absences, two points will be deducted for each additional unexcused absence (1 point will be deducted for each episode of tardiness). Leaving class early without the instructor's permission and disrespectful behavior will result in further deductions. Absences can be excused if written requests are submitted in advance or if written explanations are submitted with valid documentation.

Group Presentations: 20 %

There will be eight group presentations scheduled intermittently during the semester. Each presentation will treat a topic scheduled for a specific class period. Group members will be responsible for presenting the reading assignments and leading discussions. Each individual is expected to speak for at least five minutes. Questions about the topic can serve to stimulate participation. In addition to the oral presentation, each individual member of the group is to submit a five page paper outlining their own contributions.

Research Paper: 50 %

A research paper between twenty to twenty-five pages (typed and double-spaced) in length is required to fulfill the Gordon Rule. Students are encouraged to consult with the instructor and assistant about viable topics as early as possible in the semester. Students have considerable latitude in developing research topics, as long as the topic treats interrelationships between Asian religions, economies, and trade routes in an academic framework. The following deadlines are established to encourage and facilitate completion of the research project:

February 28 – submit a topic statement with a preliminary outline and bibliography

March 30 – submit a first draft in order to receive feedback in time for revisions

April 25 – final deadline for the complete research paper

Take-home final exam: 20 %

Short essay questions distributed on final day of class will be due one week later (Tuesday, May 2). Questions will be based on reading assignments and materials discussed in class over the entire semester.

 

Academic Honesty guidelines at the University of Florida:

http://www.dso.ufl.edu/judicial/honestybrochure.htm

Basically, “An academic honesty offense is defined as the act of lying, cheating, or stealing academic information so that one gains academic advantage. As a University of Florida student, one is expected to neither commit nor assist another in committing an academic honesty violation. Additionally, it is the student's duty to report observed academic honesty violations.”

 

Students with Disabilities need to register with the office of the Dean of Students:

http://www.dso.ufl.edu/drp/

 

Topics and reading assignments (tentative weekly schedule):

 

Week 1 (January 10-12) Theoretical perspectives on economy and religion

Tues. 1/10: Course Introduction

Thurs. 1/12: Economy and Religion

Readings: Philip Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade chapter 1 (1-14)

 

Recommended: “Economics and Religion,” in Encyclopedia of Religion, v. 5, 1-11; Karl Polanyi, “Traders and Trade,” Ancient Civilization and Trade, 133-154; Max Weber, “Prefatory Remarks” to Collected Essays in the Sociology of Religion (1920), 149-164

 

Week 2 (January 17-19) Ancient trade networks in Asia

Tues. 1/17: Mesopotamia, the Iranian plateau, and the Indus Valley

Reading: Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade chapter 4 (60-89); visit www.harappa.com

 

Recommended: C.C. Lambert-Karlovsky, “Third Millennium Modes of Exchange and Modes of Production,” Ancient Civilization and Trade, 341-368

 

Thurs. 1/19: Achaemenid ‘Royal Road,’ Hellenistic Asia, and the Parthian Stations

Reading: Pierre Briant, From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire Chapter 9: Territories, Communication & Trade, 357-387; Isidore of Charax, Parthian Stations (translated by Wilfred Schoff) http://www.parthia.com/parthian_stations.htm

 

Week 3 (January 24-26) South Asian arteries and capillaries for long-distance trade and cultural transmission

Tues. 1/24: The “northern route” and “southern route” of ancient India

Reading: Jason Neelis, “Long-distance Trade and the Transmission of Buddhism,” 418-462 (pdf); Romila Thapar, Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, Appendix 5: A Translation of the Edicts of Aśoka, 250-266

 

Thurs. 1/26: Patterns in the early transmission of Buddhism

Reading: James Heitzman, “Early Buddhism, Trade and Empire,” 121-137; Todd Lewis, “The story of Siṃhala, the Caravan Leader,” 151-169

 

Recommended: Romila Thapar, Early India from the Origins to A.D. 1300, Chapters 6-8, 174-279

 

Week 4 (January 31-February 2) Silk Routes of Central Asia

Tues. 1/31: Buddhism on the Silk Road

Reading: Philip Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade, 90-96; Xinru Liu, Silk Road: Overland Trade and Cultural Interactions in Eurasia, 1-14; visit “Buddhism on the Silk Road” (International Dunhuang Project website): http://idp.bl.uk/education/buddhism/index.html

Silk Road Exhibition: http://idp.bl.uk/education/silk_road/index.htm

 

 

Thurs. 2/2: Silk Road commodities and religious exchanges

Reading: Xinru Liu, Silk Road: Overland Trade and Cultural Interactions in Eurasia, 15-32

 

Recommended: Selections from Elizabeth Errington and Joe Cribb, eds. The Crossroads of Asia; Herbert H„rtel and Marianne Yaldiz, Along the Ancient Silk Routes; Deborah Klimburg-Salter, The Silk Route and the Diamond Path; Susan Whitfield, The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith

[Group Presentation 1: Silk Road art and archeology]

 

Week 5 (February 7-9) Maritime networks of the Indian Ocean

Tues. 2/7: Long-distance trade in the Periplus Maris Erythraei

Reading: Philip Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade, 96-103; Lionel Casson (translator), The Periplus Maris Erythraei, 51-93 (+ maps)

 

Thurs. 2/9: Maritime trade and commercial/cultural relations with Southeast Asia

Reading: Paul Wheatley, “Satyānr̥ta in Suvarṇadvīpa: From Reciprocity to Redistribution in Ancient Southeast Asia,” Ancient Civilization and Trade, 227-283; Sheldon Pollock, “The Sanskrit Cosmopolis, 300-1300: Transculturation, Vernacularization, and the Question of Ideology,” Ideology and the Status of Sanskrit, 197-247 (especially 217 ff.)

[Class split into two groups responsible for separate articles]

 

Week 6 (February 14-16) Asian trading diasporas

Tues. 2/14: Sogdian, Jewish, and Armenian diaspora communities

Reading: Philip Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade, 103-108, 111-115, 182-206; Nicholas Sims-Williams, “The Sogdian Merchants in India and China,” Cina e Iran, 45-67

 

Thurs. 2/16: Christian and Manichean merchants and missionaries

Reading: Richard Foltz, Religions of the Silk Road, 61-87; Samarkand: Trade, Travel and Faith,” The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith, 107-125

 

Recommended readings: selections from Faxian, Xuanzang, Yijing, etc.

[Group Presentation 2: Records of Travelers, Traders, and Pilgrims 1]

 

Week 7 (February 21-23): East Asian religions and trade networks

Tues. 2/21: Transmission/Transformation of Buddhism in China

Reading: Tansen Sen, Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade, 1-54

 

Thurs. 2/23: Tang period Buddhism in China

Reading: Tansen Sen, Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade, 55-101

 

Recommended: Xinru Liu, Ancient India and Ancient China: Trade and Religious Exchanges, AD 1-600, part III, 139-182; Erik Zürcher, “Buddhism Across Boundaries: The Foreign Input,” Collection of Essays 1993, 1-59; Edward Schafer, The Golden Peaches of Samarkand, 7-39

[Possible Group Presentation: split recommended readings]

Week 8 (February 28-March 2) East Asian religions and trade networks, cont.

Note: Topic statement with preliminary outline and bibliography due

Tues. 2/28: Commercial/cultural transitions during the Song period

Reading: Tansen Sen, Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade, 102-141; Philip Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade, 109-110

Thurs. 3/2: Long-distance relationships with India and Southeast Asia

Reading: Tansen Sen, Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade, 142-196

 

Week 9 (March 7-9) East Asian religions and trade networks, cont.

Tues. 3/7: Commercial networks across Asia

Reading: Tansen Sen, Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade, 197-243

 

Thurs. 3/9: East Asian trade in world historical contexts

Reading: Philip Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade, 119-135

[Group presentation 3: Trade Networks in Vietnam/Korea/Japan]

 

Spring Break (March 11-19)

 

Week 10 (March 21-23) Islamic expansion in Asia

Tues. 3/21: Growth of Islam and Asian trade networks

Reading: Patricia Risso, Merchants & Faith, 1-29; re-read Philip Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade, 106-108, 111-115

 

Thurs. 3/28: “Islamicate” South and Southeast Asia

Reading: Patricia Risso, Merchants & Faith, 31-54

 

Recommended: Marshall Hodgson, Venture of Islam, vol. II, 63-78, 136-140, 532-551; Maxime Rodinson, Islam and Capitalism, 28-75

[Group Presentation 4: Lead discussions of recommended reading orTravelers, Traders, and Pilgrims 2 (Al-Biruni, Ibn Battuta, etc.)]

 

Week 11 (March 28-30) Muslim trade networks and missionary activities

Tues. 3/28: Muslim trade networks and European colonialism

Reading: Patricia Risso, Merchants & Faith, 55-76; Sanjay Subrahmanyam, “Of Imârat and Tijârat:Asian Merchants and State Power in the Western Indian Ocean, 1400-1750,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 37.4 (1995), 750-780

 

Thurs. 3/30: Sufi saints and merchants as agents of conversion

Reading: Patricia Risso, Merchants & Faith, 77-106; Aditya Behl, “The Magic Doe: Desire and Narrative in a Hindavi Sufi Romance, circa 1503,” India’s Islamic Traditions, 711-1750, 180-208

[Individual or Group presentation 5]

 

Note: First draft of research paper due

 

 

Week 12 (April 4-6) Colonial impact and responses

Tues. 4/4: European colonial empires and religious enterprises

Reading: Philip Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade, 136-157

 

Thurs. 4/6: Asian merchant communities in the age of colonialism

Reading: Philip Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade, 158-178

 

Recommended: C.A. Bayly, Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars; Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Portuguese Empire in Asia; Claude Markovits, “Merchant Circulation in South Asia (Eighteenth to Twentieth Centuries): The Rise of Pan-Indian Merchant Networks,” Society and Circulation131-131-162

[Group presentation 6: Colonialism and religious encounters, conflicts, and changes]

 

Week 13 (April 11-13) Asian diasporas and Asian-American religions

Tues. 4/11: Aftermath of colonialism in Asia

Reading: Philip Curtin, Cross-Cultural Trade, 230-254

Thurs. 4/13: Contemporary trade networks and religious traditions

Recommended: Aihwa Ong, Buddha is Hiding: Refugees, Citizenship, the New America; Sherry Ortner, High Religion: A Cultural and Political History of Sherpa Buddhism; Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf, Himalayan Traders.

[Group presentation 7: Religion and trade in modern Asia and America]

 

Week 14 (April 18-20) Religious movements and the global economy

Tues. 4/18: Perspectives on Asian history and globalism

Reading: Selections TBA from Andre Gunder Frank, ReOrient: Global Economy in the Asian Age

Thurs. 4/20: Asian religions, information networks, and the world economy

Reading: TBA

[Group presentation 8: case studies in the economy of religion]

 

Week 15 (April 25) Research papers due, Distribution of Final take-home essays

 

Tuesday, May 2: Final take-home essays due