Fall, 2006

HIS 3931  Section 5301

Flint 0111

Tuesdays 1:55-2:45 and Thursdays 1:55-3:50

 

Prof. Mitchell Hart

Office: Keene-Flint 18

Office Hours:  Monday, 1-4 and by appointment

Email: hartm@history.ufl.edu

Office phone: 392-0271, extension 232                                                                                             

 

 

HOW JEWS BECAME MODERN

 

How did Jews in Europe, North America, Africa and the Middle East respond to the revolutionary transformations in politics, culture, and social relations that began in Europe in the seventeenth century?  How did the emergence of the modern nation-state, notions of individual rights and duties, secularism, liberalism, socialism and other political ideologies impact on the condition of the Jews?  What were the effects of industrialization, capitalism, and urbanization? This course introduces students to the major themes and issues in modern Jewish history: the idea of "Jewish modernity"; the Jewish enlightenment (Haskalah); emancipation and assimilation in their various national contexts; the rise of Reform Judaism and neo-Orthodoxy; anti-Semitism and the Jewish response; Jewish life in the Russian Empire, the conditions there that produced the mass migrations of Jews westward, and the significance of this migration in Central and Western Europe; Jewish migration to the Ottoman Empire, to North Africa and the Middle East; to Jewish nationalism (Zionism) and the Jewish involvement with Socialism and Communism; Nazism, the Holocaust, and the enormous transformations in Jewish life produced by this catastrophe. The course will conclude with a discussion of the two major centers of Jewish life in the last half of the twentieth century:  the State of Israel and America.

 

 

 

Required Texts

The Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History, edited by Paul Mendes-Flohr and Jehuda Reinharz, Second Edition, 1995

Culture of the Jews (volume 3), edited by David Biale

 

Both of these books are on sale at Goerings Bookstore, and should be purchased. 

 

Note that I also reserve the right to give you handouts of short readings that will supplement the reading material you are asked to purchase.  You should regard these supplemental readings as required, not optional; they constitute part of the overall material assigned for the course.

 

Course Requirements: Attendance is required.  More than three unexcused absences and your final grade will be affected.  There will be three assignments in this course: one in-class midterm, an in-class final, and a take-home essay.  The take-home essay will each be 8-10 pages in length. NO LATE ASSIGNMENTS WILL BE ACCEPTED.

 

The midterm will be worth approximately 20% of the final grade; the final exam will be worth 40% of the final grade; the take-home essay will be worth approximately 40% of the final grade.

 

Class sessions will be structured around the reading and in-class discussion of the primary documents drawn from The Jew in the Modern World.  You will be expected to come to each class having read the assigned material for that week and prepared to contribute to the discussion.

 

The take home essay will be given out in the eighth week of class, on October 10, and will be due November 14.  There will be no late papers accepted and there are absolutely no exceptions to this rule.

 

While I do not require that you hand in drafts, I will be more than happy to read any draft you wish to give me. I will then correct it, make suggestions, and you can improve your final version through this process. I will read up to two drafts that you may then revise.  If you wish to do this, you must hand me a first draft no later than November 1.  This will give me time to read it, make comments, and give it back to you in time for you to re-work it.

 

There are no prerequisites for this class.  You are not expected to be familiar with any particular language, religious tradition, or ethnic background to take this course and excel.  However, as with any material that is unfamiliar, there may be terms or ideas that crop up in the lectures or readings that require clarification; for instance, terms such as Talmud, kashrut or kosher, etc.  You may, of course, email or speak to me and I will do my best to answer whatever questions you have about Judaism or Jewish history.  There are also very helpful resources to which you can turn for quick answers to most questions of this sort.  Here are a few: The Encyclopedia Judaica is a multi-volume work that will have definitions of pretty much anything that comes up in a course such as this.  There is an online source called the Jewish Virtual Library.

 

If you donıt know the meaning or significance of a term or idea that appears in your reading or in lecture, it is your responsibility to find out about it.

 

PLEASE NOTE:  You are expected by the University of Florida to adhere to its guidelines regarding academic honesty and integrity.  If you are unfamiliar with the definition of plagiarism or other serious academic infractions you can learn about them in the Studentıs Handbook or on the following webpage: http://regulations.ufl.edu/chapter4/4017.pdf

 

 

 

 

Week 1:  Introduction

 

August 24: What is a "modern Jew"? The Beginnings of "modernity"

Reading:  Jew in the Modern World (JMW), pp. 3-18, 54-57

      

David Biale, Preface and Introduction to Cultures of the Jews, pages xv-7.

 

David Rechter, "The Jews: A European Minority" (Xeroxed handout)

     

 

Week 2:  Enlightenment and Self-Enlightenment

 

August 29.  The Enlightenment and the Jews

 

Reading:  JMW, pp. 62-63, 304-305

      

Richard Cohen, "Urban Visiblity and Biblical Visions," in Cultures of the Jews, pages 9-40

 

August 31: The Jewish Enlightenment or Haskalah

 

Reading:  JMW, pp. 86-99

 

 

Week 3: Debates over Emancipation and Integration in Central and Western Europe

 

September 5:  The Debate in France

 

Reading: JMW, pp. 49-53, 112-120, 123-135

             

Richard Cohen, "Urban Visiblity and Biblical Visions," in Cultures of the Jews, pages 40-66

 

September 7:  The Debate in Germany and the Habsburg Empire

 

Reading:  JMW, pp. 28-36, 42-49, 141-145

 

 

Week 4:  Religious Responses to Modernity

 

September 12:  Reform Judaism

Reading:  JMW, pp. 161-166, 177-185

 

September 14:  Reactions to Reform:  Conservative, neo-Orthodox and Ultra-Orthodox Judaisms

Reading:  JMW, pp. 194-206

 

   

Week 5: Eastern European Jewry

 

September 19:  Jewish life in Tsarist Russia

Reading:  JMW, pp. 375-379, 381-386, 400-402

      

David Biale, "A Journey Between Worlds: East European Jewish Culture from the Partitions of Poland to the Holocaust," in Cultures of the Jews, pp. 77-112

 

September 21: Religious Life in Russia:  Hasidism and its opponents

Reading:  JMW, 387-400

 

 

Week 6: Modern Antisemitism and the Jewish Response

 

September 26: Political Antisemitism

Reading:  JMW, pp. 309-311, 324-327

 

September 28: Racial Antisemitism

Reading,  JMW, pp. 312-313, 316-321

 

 

Week 7: Antisemitism (continued);

 

October 3: Racial antisemitism

Reading:  JMW, pp. 327-336, 339-351

 

 

October 5: Racial Antisemitism

Reading:  JMW, pp. 356-371

 

      

Week 8:

 

October 10: In-Class Midterm and Take-Home Paper Assignment Handed Out

 

 

October 12:  NO CLASS

 

 

Week 9: Jewish Identity Challenged and Redefined

 

October 17 and October 19

 

Reading:  JMW, pp. 254-55, 262-268, 278-279, 282-289

 

 

Week 10: 1881-1905 Persecution and its Effects

 

October 24 and 26

 

Reading:  JMW, pp. 380, 408-417

 

David Biale, "A Journey Between Worlds: East European Jewish Culture from the Partitions of Poland to the Holocaust," in Cultures of the Jews, pp. 112-132

 

 

Week 11: Post-Emancipatory Movements

 

October 31:  Socialism

Reading:  JMW, pp. 261-62, 419-423, 432-436

 

November 2:  Jewish Nationalism

 

Reading: JMW, pp. 275-276, 403, 417-419

 

 

Week 12: Zionism:  The Foundations

 

November 7 and November 9:

 

Reading: JMW, pp. 529-538, 540-543, 546-549

 

Ariel Hirschfeld, "Locus and Language: Hebrew Culture in Israel, 1890-1990," in Biale, Cultures of the Jews, pp. 289-318

 

 

Week 13: Zionism: Continued

 

November 14: Zionism and Palestine Also: Take-Home Paper Due Today

 

Reading:  JMW, pp. 558-565, 567-68, 582-584, 589-594, 611-616

 

November 16: Criticisms of Zionism

 

Reading:  JMW, pp. 538-540,544-545,550-552,568-571,580-581

 

Ariel Hirschfeld, "Locus and Language: Hebrew Culture in Israel, 1890-1990," in Biale, Cultures of the Jews, pp. 318-336

 

 

Week 14: Nazism and the Jews

 

November 21 and November 23

 

Reading: JMW, 634-656, 662-665

 

 

Week 15: Thanksgiving Week

 

November 28:  No class

 

 

Week 16:  The Jews and America

 

Reading:  JMW, pp. 454-455, 456-461

 

Stephen J. Whitfield, "Declarations of Independence:  American Jewish Culture in the Twentieth Century," in Biale, Cultures of the Jews