Origins of empire
KEYWORDS: plantation, anglicization, charter company
    Ireland and America
        1579    (-1583) conquest and colonization of Munster
        1585    first colonization attempt in America (Roanoke Island, NC)
        1607    first permanent Virginia settlement
        1609    the English claim Bermuda
                   the Ulster plantation
        1612    a London company begins settlement of Bermuda
 

The early English empire
KEYWORDS: settlement colony, indentured servitude, slave trade, "Age of Partnership"
    The Atlantic Empire
        1620    voyage of the Mayflower
        1623    settlement of St. Kitts
        1627    colonization of Barbados
        1630    Massachusetts Bay colony established
        1651    First Navigation Act
        1655    Jamaica conquered from Spain
        1662    Company of Royal Adventurers into Africa enters slave trade; from the 1660s
                    to 1807, the British transport 3.4 million Africans across the Atlantic
        1664    New Netherland seized from the Dutch
        1670    Hudson's Bay Company chartered
        1696    Board of Trade established
    The Indian Ocean region
        1600    East India Company chartered
        1639    Madras granted to the English
        1661    England takes over Bombay
        1690    England founds Calcutta
 

Eighteenth-century expansion
KEYWORDS:  annexation, old colonial system, mercantilism, blue water vs. continental strategy
  Global conflict
        1689    (-1697) War of the League of Augsburg (King William's War)
        1702    (-1713) War of Spanish Succession (Queen Anne's War)
                    British gains: Gibraltar, Minorca, St. Kitts, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia,
                        Hudson Bay, Spanish slave Asiento
        1739    (-1748) War of Jenkins Ear and War of Austrian Succession (King George's War)
        1756    (-1763) Seven Years War
                    British gains: Grenada, Domenica, St. Vincent, Tobago, French Canada,
                        Cape Breton Island, Florida, Senegal, Bengal
        1757    East India Company forces defeat the Nawab of Bengal
        1765    Mughal Emporer grants diwani of Bengal to Britain
 

Age of Revolution
KEYWORDS:  Atlantic communities, liberty-equality-fraternity, loyalists, penal colony
    Atlantic empire
        1765    Stamp Act
        1773    Boston Tea Party
        1774    Quebec Act
        1775    (-1783) War of American Independence
                    British losses: 13 American colonies, French West Indian islands, Senegal, FL
        1787    Sierra Leone established
        1787    Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade founded
        1789    outbreak of the French Revolution
        1790    outbreak of revolution in Saint Domingue
        1791    Canada Act
        1793    (-1802) French Revolutionary War
        1798    United Irish Rebellion
        1803    (-1815) Napoleonic War

     The Pacific
        1768    (-1771) Cook's first voyage
        1772    (-1775) Cook's second voyage
        1776    (-1779) Cook's third voyage
        1788    establishment of New South Wales

    From Company to Raj
        1774    India Act
        1784    Government of India
        1793    Permanent Settlement
        1801    annexation of the Carnatic and Oudh
        1803    annexation of the Maratha States
        1813    revocation of East India Company's monopoly

The Second British Empire
KEYWORDS: workshop of the world, swing to the east, naval supremacy, migration, age of reform, free trade, informal empire, creeping colonialism, responsible government, crown colonies, trusteeship, "C, C, C"
    Pax Britannica
        1807    abolition of the slave trade
        1815    annexation of the Cape Colony
        1819    acquisition of Singapore
        1823    Anti-Slavery Society formed
        1826    establishment of South Australia and Victoria
        1829    Catholic Emancipation
                   establishment of Western Australia
        1833    abolition of slavery
        1837    rebellions in the Canadas
        1839    (-1842) First Anglo-Chinese War
        1840    Treaty of Waitangi with Maoris in New Zealand
        1845    Anglo-Maori wars begin (waged off and on until 1872)
        1845    (-1846) first Anglo-Sikh War
        1848    responsible government granted to Upper and Lower Canada
        1848    (-1849) second Anglo-Sikh War, followed by annexation of the Punjab
        1849    repeal of the Navigation Acts
        1856    (-1858) second Anglo-Chinese War
        1857    Indian Uprising
        1858    dissolution of the East India Company and institution of Crown raj
        1860s   withdrawal of imperial garrisons
        1865    Morant Bay rebellion
        1867    Canadian Confederation
        1876    Queen Victoria declared Empress of India

The Age of Global Rivalries
KEYWORDS:  rivals, "New Imperialism," imperialists, imperial preference, jingoism, anti-imperialists
        1882    occupation of Egypt and later Sudan
        1885    Berlin Conference
                   formation of the Indian National Congress
        1886    Royal Niger Company chartered
        1888    Imperial British East African Company chartered
        1889    British South Africa Company chartered
        1897    Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee and Colonial Conference
        1899    (-1902) South African War
        1901    creation of the Commonwealth of Australia
        1902    preferential tariffs signed with Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
        1906    formation of the Muslim League
        1907    Balfour Declaration
        1909    Morley-Minto Reforms
        1910    Union of South Africa established
        1911    first Imperial Conference held in London
        1914    (-1918) First World War
          1919    Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms; Rowlatt Acts; Amritsar incident
 

From Empire to Commonwealth
KEYWORDS:  national identity, decolonization
        1930    Round Table Conference in nida
        1931    Statute of Westminster
        1935    India Act
        1939    (-1945) Second World War
        1942    Japan captures Singapore
                   Cripps Mission
                   Quit India movement
        1947    independence of India and Pakistan
        1948    British withdrawal from Palestine
        1952    Mau-Mau rebellion in Kenya
        1956    Suez crisis