napoleon

The French in North Africa

I. the empire of Napoleon
A. the French Revolution

B. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) [timeline]

> Imperial Catechism, 1806
First Consul of the Republic
Emperor of the French

rationalizer
-uniform law code (Code Napoleon)
-religious freedom
-centralized government administration
-revamped finances
-centralized education
-established a national bank


empire builder [>Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen]
    Egyptian expedition (1798) [> Decree of the Directory and Napoleon's Proclamation to the Egyptians]
    Mamluks
    Institut de l'Egypte (savants)
    Description de l'Egypte

Egyptian resistance

height of Napoleonic empire 1811-12

napoleons empire

nationalism
Peninsular War
guerrillas

Congress of Vienna

II. French colonization: Algeria

n africa

the Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia)
-lively trade with Europe
-ruled by fairly independent deys (regional rulers) of the Ottoman Empire
-population of Algiers regency: rural Arabs, Berber tribes in mtns, coulougis (descendents of Turkish soldiers and Arab women)

1827 escalating tensions between the dey of Algiers and French interests in the region

1829 the French institute a naval blockade and bombard Algiers

1830 the French invade Algiers and seize the city's fort

1831 the new French monarchy (the constitutional "bourgeois" monarchy of Louis-Philippe, which had replaced the conservative Bourbon monarchy of Charles X) decides to hold onto Algiers

1832-1842 revolt of Abd Al-Kadir against the French

1834 a French commission declares it essential to France's "honor and interest" to rule over the North African coast; Algeria is annexed to France in July

1840 conquest and colonization (by French agricultural settlers) proceed under General Thomas-Robert Bugeaud

1848
the new French government (the Second Republic) declares Algeria "an integral part of France" and the north is divided into departments

c. 100,000 European settlers (colons)

Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859)

Democracy in America (1835, 1840)
visits to Algeria in the 1840s
considered becoming a settler
was convinced the colonization of Algeria was essential to French interests
The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856)

1827	escalating tensions between the dey of Algiers and French interests in the region
1829	the French institute a naval blockade and bombard Algiers
1830	the French invade Algiers and seize the city's fort
1831	the new French monarchy (the constitutional "bourgeois" monarchy of Louis-Philippe, which had replaced the conservative Bourbon monarchy of Charles X) decides to hold onto Algiers
1832-1842	revolt of Abd Al-Kadir against the French
1834	a French commission declares it essential to France's "honor and interest" to rule over the North African coast; Algeria is annexed to France in July
1840	conquest and colonization (by French agricultural settlers) proceed under General Thomas-Robert Bugeaud
1848	the new French government (the Second Republic) declares Algeria "an integral part of France" and the north is divided into departments c. 100,000 European settlers (colons)