Imperialism, Labor, and the Global Economy
I. Informal empire
"workshop of the world"
protectionism > free trade
ex. Latin America
George Canning, Foreign Secretary, 1824
Latin America
mid 1820s: 13% of total British exports to Latin America
period of stagnation until 1850s
1860 1913 British exports to Latin America 14,000,000 55,000,000 British investment in Latin America 81,000,000 1.18 billion interventions: Peru (1839 and 1857), Mexico (1860-61), Chile (1863)
ex. China [timeline] [Treaty of Nanking]
Anglo-Chinese Wars (Opium Wars)
II. Labor
abolition of slavery
Anti-Slavery Society (1823)
1831 rebellion in Jamaica
1833 Abolition Act
apprentice system
indentured labor
| Indians |
Chinese |
|
| British Guiana |
238,740 |
13,533 |
| Trinidad |
143,939 |
2,645 |
| Jamaica |
36,412 |
1,152 |
| other
Caribbean islands |
10,363 |
574 |
total Indian
overseas labor emigration, 1834-1924: 1,465,248
(indentured); 5,109,000 (free of indenture)
Conclusion
transition to the modern world / shift from proto to modern globalization
reordering of the global balance of power
catalysts
Phases of Globalization, adapted from A.G. Hopkins, ed, Globalization in World History (2002)
| archaic | 13th-18th centuries | extensive networks created by kings and warriors, religious pilgrims, and merchants; mobile diasporic networks pursuit of exotica; sea-borne + land-based trade universal belief systems (e.g. Islam, Buddhism, Christianity) state authority limited did not extend to the Americas or Australasia |
| proto | 1600-1800 | reconfiguration of states growth of finance and pre-industrial manufacturing rise of the west |
| modern | 1800-1950s | emergence of modern nations and nationalism industrialization capitalism and consumerism + democracy |
| post-colonial | 1950s-present | supraterritorial organizations challenges to the nation state realignment of world economy transnational corporations |