Global War and Empire
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Khushwant Singh, Train to Pakistan
Mano Majra
dacoit: a member of a class of criminals who engage in organized robbery and murder
charpoy:a light bedstead used in India
punkah: a fan, esp. a large, swinging, screenlike fan hung from the ceiling and moved by a servant or by machinery
lambardar: revenue collector
sahib: sir; master: a term of respect used, esp. during the colonial period, when addressing or referring to a European
memsahib: a term of respect for a married European woman
bearer: a native boy or man employed as a personal or household servant
I. Empires at war
the Great War
A. imperial resources
| Total population |
Armed forces |
Deaths |
Theatres |
|
| British Isles |
36.5 million |
6.7 million |
700,000 |
France, Africa |
| India |
300 million |
1.4 million |
65,000 |
France, Gallipoli, Egypt,
Mesopotamia, East Africa |
| Canada | 8 million | 630,000 |
57,000 | France |
| Australia |
4.5 million |
415,000 |
60,000 |
France, Gallipoli, Egypt |
| South Africa |
1.3 million |
150,000 |
7,100 |
France, East Africa, South West
Africa |
| New Zealand |
1 million |
130,000 |
17,000 |
France, Gallipoli, Egypt |
| East Africa |
36,000 |
6,000 |
East Africa |
|
| West Africa |
26,000 |
1,000 |
West Africa, East Africa |
adapted from The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire, 78-9
B. Colonial theatres
-Africa (Cameroon, Togoland, German East Africa, and German South-West Africa)
-Ottoman Empire
Gallipoli (April 1915-Jan 1916)
British (including ANZACs) and French troops; c. 150,000 dead
ANZAC (Australia NZ Army Corps)
-Peter Weir's Gallipoli [trailer] [clip]
-casualties:
Australians -- 7594 deaths and 19,500 wounded
NZers -- 2341 deaths and 5140 wounded
Middle East
Allied offensive (1917-1918) in Palestine and Syria
C. Implications for empires
Versailles Peace Conference; self-determination
dissolution of Austro-Hungarian, German, and Ottoman Empires
mandates
II. Stirrings of nationalism
the Dominions
ANZAC legend; ANZAC Day (25 April)
British Commonwealth of Nations [time line]
consultative imperialism
shift from free trade to protectionism
Ireland
Ulster Volunteer Force
Proclamation of the Irish Republic
April 1916 Easter Rising: Republics seize control of key buildings in Dublin for a week May 1916 execution of the leaders of the Easter Rising Dec 1918 Sinn Fein (a republican political party) wins a majority of seats in the General Election Jan 1919 Irish parliamentary representatives meet in Dublin instead of London 1919-1921 Anglo-Irish War Dec 1921 Treaty signed between Great Britain and Ireland (divides Ireland into the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland)
1922-1923 civil war between supporters and opponents of the Treaty
anti-colonial nationalism
Nyasaland (Malawi)
"Africa for the Africans"
III. the Second World War
| soldiers served (war dead) | |
| UK and crown colonies | 5,596,000 (383,667) |
| Canada | 1,100,000 (45,364) |
| Australia | 993,000 (40,458) |
| New Zealand | 295,000 (19,314) |
| South Africa | 250,000 (11,903) |
| India | 2,582,000 (64,354) |
Indian National Army
naval mutiny
1947
BRIEF CHRONOLOGY OF THE GREAT WAR
| 1914 |
war breaks out on the
western front in
Aug; stalemate by Oct fronts open along Europe's eastern plains and in the Balkans |
| 1915 | the Allies attack
Gallipoli in Apr; by
Dec there are over 200,000 casualties new front opens in N Italy Battle of the Somme (20,000 dead on the first day) |
| 1916 | battle in the North
Sea |
| 1917 | Uboats fall of Baghdad US enters the war Battle of Passchendaele Russian withdrawal |
| 1918 |
final German offensive |
