Decolonization II: Algeria
ANNOUNCEMENTS Film on Thursday -- we will be taking attendance Test 2 on Friday -- students in Chris' 6th period section will take the test with Jonathan's 6th period section in TURL 2318 Use your test prep as an opportunity to begin preparing your exit essay. |
I. paths to decolonization
A) negotiated settlement
France: Morocco, Tunisia, French West Africa, French Equatorial Africa
Britain: India, Ghana, NigeriaB) incomplete decolonization
France: Vietnam, Algeria, Madagascar
Britain: Palestine, Malaya, Kenya, Cyprus
II. case study: Algeria
A. conquest and resistance
1830s
Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) [Le Monde Dipl. article]
Ahmead ibn Muhammad, bey of Constantine
Abd al Qadir (Abd-el-Kader) (1808-1883)
General Thomas-Robert Bugeaud
B. assimmilation
1848 the establishment of the Second Republic
departments: Oran (western Algeria), Algiers (central), Constantine (eastern)
colons (pieds noir)
resistance
C. early nationalism
First World War [173,000 Algerians served in the French Army]
moderate > radical nationalism
+1,000,000 colons
D. war of independence
National Liberation Front (Front de Liberation Nationale -- FLN)
1954 (Nov 1) outbreak of full-scale revolt
segretation
1954-1962 300,000 deaths
Secret Army Organization (OAS)
1958 election: collapse of the Fourth Republic and re-election of Charles de Gaulle
1962 referendum on independence: 6,000,000 in favor; 16,000 opposed
departure of +900,000 settlers and harkis (Arabs and Berbers who had sided with the French)
Conclusion
Franz Fanon (1925-1961)
Black Skin, White Mask (1952)
The Wretched of the Earth (1961)
The Battle of Algiers (1966) [NYT article] [Slate.com article]