Atlantic Trade
Introduction
Hakluyt redux
I. Trade and the state
Navigation Acts
1651 Act of Trade and Navigation [full text]
1660 Navigation Act [full text]
1696 Board of Trade created
enumerated products
smuggling
Charles Davenant (1771)
mercantilism
wealth + state power
limited resources
emphasis on trade
state intervention
II. Merchants
import commodities
characteristics of Atlantic trade
Richard Oswald (1705?-84) [see DNB]
III. Markets
population growth
consumer revolution
imports
commodities consumed by Britons
sugar
Sugar imports (in tons)
1663 8,000 1700 25,000 1770 97,000 Per capita consumption (in pounds)
1700 4 1770s 10
dyestuffs
wollen, linen and cotton manufacturing
logwood, brazilwood, cochineal, indigo
raw cotton
ships
forest and sea products
re-exports
tobacco
rice
--> an integrated Atlantic economy [map handout]
Principal English imports from North America and the West Indies, 1699-1774 (in pounds sterling)
| Commodity | 1699-1701 | 1722-24 | 1752-54 | 1772-74 |
| Sugar | 630,000 | 928,000 | 1,302,000 | 2,360,000 |
| Rum | 0 | 6,000 | 70,000 | 163,000 |
| Tobacco | 249,000 | 263,000 | 560,000 | 518,000 |
| Coffee | 0 | 0 | 3,000 | 414,000 |
| Rice | 0 | 52,000 | 167,000 | 340,000 |
| Dyestuffs | 85,000 | 152,000 | 97,000 | 167,000 |
| Cotton | 23,000 | 45,000 | 56,000 | 88,000 |
| Drugs | 6,000 | 22,000 | 55,000 | 55,000 |
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