Sept 21 The Second British Empire

Introduction

the swing to the east

First British Empire > Second British Empire

1) India
2) Pacific exploration
3) founding of NSW

100,000 Loyalists to Upper Canada (Ontario)

 

I. Expansion and diversity

A. empire of white settlement

Caribbean
British North America
Australia, Southern Africa, New Zealand
settler capitalist societies > the Dominions

population: 550,000 in 1815 > 18.9 million in 1911

B. empire in India

C. empire of conquests or wartime acquisitions

1763 Quebec, PEI, Grenada, Dominica, St. Vincent, Tobago, Florida, Senegal,
1814 Cape of Good Hope, Malta
1815 St. Lucia, Trinidad, Tobago, British Guiana, Berbice, Demerara, Essequibo, Ascension Island, Ionian Islands

II. Governance

two traditions:

representative and responsible government

crown colony government

"proconsular despotisms" (Christopher Bayly)

A. Ireland

Patriots and Volunteers

Society of United Irishmen

the 98

Act of Union


Theobold Wolfe Tone

 

B. Cape Colony

Boers (spoke Dutch Afrikaans)

Khoikhoi

Bantu-speaking Africans

5000 British settlers in 1820