October 10 Greater Britain
READ The Secret River!!
I. Greater Britain
Charles Dilke, Greater Britain (1868)
A. British North America
Maritime colonies (NS, NB, PEI)
-pop of 200,000 in 1815
Lower Canada (Quebec)
-pop of 350,000 in 1815
Upper Canada (Ontario)
-Loyalists
-pop of 90,000 in 1815
-pop of 915,000 in 1851
Rupert's Land
-Hudson's Bay Company (1670)
-Northwest Company
-Red River settlement
-Native American pop: c.34,000 in 1809
-metis
British Columbia (1858)
population of BNA
| 1791 | 250,000 |
| 1850 | 1,500,000 |
B. Cape Colony/ South Africa
Boers/ Afrikaners: 25,000
Khoikhoi ("Hottentots")
Bantus
5000 British settlers in 1815
Great Trek (1836) > Natal, Transvaal, OFS (independent Boer republics)
C. "Australia"
NSW and VDL
-pop of 15,000 in 1815
-Aboriginal pop of c. 500,000
Victoria (1835)
-free settlers
-pop of 10,000 in 1840
-gold
-pop of 500,000 by 1861
South Australia (1834)
-free settlers
-land speculation
Western Australia (1829)
Queensland
population of Australia
| 1861 | +1,000,000 whites 250,000 Aboriginals |
| 1911 | 4,500,000 whites 100,000 Aboriginals |
D. New Zealand
18th-c activity
Maori
missions
pop in 1840: 2000 whites
70-90,000 Maori
Treaty of Waitangi
Anglo-Maori wars
II. Attitudes toward migration
mercantilism > Malthusianism
| Push factors | Pull factors |
post-war context prison overcrowding emigration assistance |
escape from poverty opportunities for work, adventure, political freedom, gold advertising campaigns; agents |
III. Forms of 19th-c migration
A. Transportation
1788-1853 123,000 male and 25,000 female convicts transported to NSW
1850-1867 10,000 male convicts to WA
B. Assisted migration
chain migration
government assistance
Edward Gibbon Wakefield"systematic colonization"
National Colonization Society (1830)
New Zealand Colonization Company
Colonial Land and Emigration Commission (1840)
NSW
bounty schemes
BNA
Earl of Selkirk's Red River Settlement
Thomas Talbot's Eire Settlement
John Galt's Canada Company
London Female Emigration Society
Female Middle Class Emigration Society (Maria Rye)
C. indentured servitude
| Migration from the British Isles, 1815-1914 | 22.6 million |
| Canada | 19% |
| Australia and NZ | 10.5% |
| South Africa | 3.5% |
| United States | 62% |