Jan 22 The wealth of the nation
I. The triple revolution
A. increased power of traditional elites
-enclosure
-landlord, tenant farmer, laborer
B.expansion of the elite
-open hierarchy
-gentlemanly capitalists
-industrial capitalists
C. increased power of the nation
-the workshop of the world
II. Empire
A. overview
B. mercantilism
-Navigation Acts (1651; 1660s)
C. drive for empire
D. outcomes and challenges
1) North America
-Royal Proclamation (1763)
2) peopling "infant" colonies
3) incorporation
-assimilation (anglicization) / accommodation (toleration)
-Royal Proclamation
-Treaty of Paris
-Quebec Act
4) defense and administration
5) Anglo-French rivalry
| 1760 | 6.5 million |
| 1820 | 11.3 million |
industrial revolution (Heyck, 180): a vast expansion of the economy
by means of the substitution of a factory system for domestic
manufacturing
| 1689-1697 |
War of the League of Augsburg (King William’s War): Britain, the Dutch Republic, Sweden, Austria and Spain vs. France (Louis XIV) |
| 1702-1713 |
War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne’s War): France (and Spain) vs. Britain, the Dutch Republic, Savoy, Austria, and many German states T. of Utrecht: Spain surrendered its territories in Italy and the Netherlands to the Austrians and Gibraltar and Minorca to the British; the French surrendered St Kitts, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and the Hudson Bay territories to Britain; the British also gained the asiento of the Spanish crown) |
| 1739-1748 | War of Jenkins Ear and War of the Austrian Succession (King George’s War): France, Prussia, Spain, Bavaria, and Saxony vs. Austria, Britain, and the Dutch Republic T. of Aix-la-Chapelle: status quo ante bellum |
| 1756-1763 | Seven Years War (French and Indian War): Britain and Prussia vs. France, Austria, and Russia T. of Paris: Minorca, Grenada, Domenica, St. Vincent, Tobago; Canada, Cape Breton Island, Florida, all of America east of the Mississippi; Senegal; Bengal |
The Royal Proclamation of 1763
"And whereas it will greatly contribute to the speedy settling of our said new Governments, that our loving Subjects should be informed of our Paternal care, for the security of the Liberties and Properties of those who are and shall become Inhabitants thereof, We have thought fit to publish and declare, by this Our Proclamation, that We have, in the Letters Patent under our Great Seal of Great Britain, by which the said Governments are constituted, given express Power and Direction to our Governors of our Said Colonies respectively, that so soon as the state and circumstances of the said Colonies will admit thereof, they shall, with the Advice and Consent of the Members of our Council, summon and call General Assemblies within the said Governments respectively, in such Manner and Form as is used and directed in those Colonies and Provinces in America which are under our immediate Government"
Treaty of Paris, Article IV: His Most Christian Majesty renounces all pretensions which he has heretofore formed or might have formed to Nova Scotia or Acadia in all its parts, and guaranties the whole of it, and with all its dependencies, to the King of Great Britain: Moreover, his Most Christian Majesty cedes and guaranties to his said Britannick Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all its dependencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all the other islands and coasts in the gulph and river of St. Lawrence, and in general, every thing that depends on the said countries, lands, islands, and coasts, with the sovereignty, property, possession, and all rights acquired by treaty, or otherwise, which the Most Christian King and the Crown of France have had till now over the said countries, lands, islands, places, coasts, and their inhabitants, so that the Most Christian King cedes and makes over the whole to the said King, and to the Crown of Great Britain, and that in the most ample manner and form, without restriction, and without any liberty to depart from the said cession and guaranty under any pretence, or to disturb Great Britain in the possessions above mentioned. His Britannick Majesty, on his side, agrees to grant the liberty of the Catholick religion to the inhabitants of Canada: he will, in consequence, give the most precise and most effectual orders, that his new Roman Catholic subjects may profess the worship of their religion according to the rites of the Romish church, as far as the laws of Great Britain permit. His Britannick Majesty farther agrees, that the French inhabitants, or others who had been subjects of the Most Christian King in Canada, may retire with all safety and freedom wherever they shall think proper, and may sell their estates, provided it be to the subjects of his Britannick Majesty, and bring away their effects as well as their persons, without being restrained in their emigration, under any pretence whatsoever, except that of debts or of criminal prosecutions: The term limited for this emigration shall be fixed to the space of eighteen months, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty.
