February
21 The Rise of the Public
key terms:
bourgeoisie, the public, coffee house, extensive reading
I. The age of
coffee
Johann Sebastian
Bach (1685-1750)
The cat won't
give up its mouse,
Girls stay
faithful coffee-sisters
Mother loves her
coffee habit,
Grandpa sips it
gladly too--
Why then shout
at the the daughters?
nobility and
gentry
bourgeoisie
lower orders
European
population
1550
|
85,000,000
|
1650
|
80,000,000
|
1700
|
118,000,000
|
1750s
|
140,000,000
|
1800
|
187,000,000
|
II. The
growth of a middle-class public
the public sphere
Jurgen
Habermas, Structural
Transformation of the Public Sphere (1962)
the
Enlightenment vs. enlightenment(s)
James
Melton, The Rise of the
Public in Enlightenment Europe
public
opinion
III. The
reading public
A. literacy
|
England
|
Scotland
|
France
|
1640s
|
30%
|
25%
|
|
1686-90
|
|
|
29% (women: 14%)
|
1750s
|
60% (women: 35-40%)
|
65%
|
|
1786-90
|
|
|
48% (women: 27%)
|
B. the
transformation of print culture
traditional genres
religious works
chapbooks
Percentage of
theological and devotional works
at the Leipzig
book fair
1740
|
38.5%
|
1770
|
24.5%
|
1800
|
13.5%
|
Percentage
of religious titles published in France
1690s
|
50%
|
1720s
|
33%
|
1750s
|
25%
|
1790s
|
10%
|
from intensive to
extensive reading
C. new
genres
periodicals
novels
other genres: the
epistolary novel, the autobiography, memoires judiciaries
pornography
New novels
appearing
|
Germany
|
France
|
1701-10
|
|
136
|
1751-60
|
73
|
285
|
1781-90
|
907
|
662
|
1791-1800
|
1,623
|
735
|
D. new
institutions