Resources to Orient Students
and My Point of View as a Teacher

Seven Modest Maxims for Academic Study of Religion

[1] There is no Archimedean Point to serve as the unquestionable or perfectly privileged position from which to begin the practice of academic study of religion (aka Religious Studies). All starting points are open to discussion and debate. This may be a good thing, but the lack of an Archimedean Point does put the Religious Studies practitioner at risk.

[2] Although there is no point that everyone will agree is obviously the right one from which to start out and to sustain practice of academic study of religion, some starting points, perspectives, and practices turn out to be more (or less) popular, and some turn out to be more (or less) defensible when challenged, than others. Sorting and selecting from among them is a practical matter because all kinds of religious believers, anti-religious activists, and academicians will attempt to inform, to influence, and to reform your version.

[3] An example of a protocol for beginning the practice of Religious Studies is found in the work of Wayne L. Proudfoot. I call it the Proudfoot Two-Step. If you practice the Two-Step when studying or discussing a religious phenomenon, whether you begin with Step-One or Step-Two is likely to make little difference in the long run. Here's why. If an "insider" says that you "do not understand" or have "misrepresented" it, then you can respond by practicing Step-One. If an "outsider" tells you that there seems to be little or no difference between you and some kind of true-believer, then you can respond by sharing with them a version of Step-Two that you find suitable to the situation and phenomenon.

[4] Step-One in the Proudfoot Two-Step is the effort to describe a religious phenomenon as fairly as possible – in the sense of neutrally, receptively, or empathetically. In short, you attempt to achieve a description containing as little revision or "translation," as possible - that is, description without descriptive reduction.


[5] Step-Two in the Proudfoot Two-Step is the freedom to interpret a religious phenomenon in a way that you (and your reference group among fellow practitioners of academic study of religion) regard as worthy and timely - in the sense of creative, insightful, illuminating, interesting, or appropriately provocative, analytical, critical. There can be an open field of possibilities based on your choice of some form of interpretive re-framing or "translation" - that is, some form of explanatory reduction.

[6] When engaging in the practice of academic study of religion, what one "privileges" and what one "problematizes" ought to be openly acknowledged with peers. What you privilege or problematize may be correlated with (a)your own whim or will, (b) your faith orientation, (c) your formal starting point or perspective; and these in turn may be (d) a function of your (community) membership and allegiance, (e) your life-history and sense of identity, (f) your assumptions about what "works" or what is appropriate, or even (g) outcomes of dialogues or arguments with others whose starting points and perspectives differ from yours.

[7] Some assumptions that are implicit in the Proudfoot Two-Step protocol invite further examination, for instance: (a) it is possible, meaningful, and useful to distinguish between description and interpretation; (b) statements can be classified within hierarchies or matrices from 1st- to nth-order propositions according to levels of abstraction; (c) it is important to become aware of the power and pervasiveness of attribution as a component of knowledge-acquisition; and (d) attention to reflexivity and recursiveness entailed in study of religious phenomena could provide new opportunities for cultivating well-considered modes of interaction with other people and institutions.

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