
Department of History
EUH-3473
MEDIEVAL GERMANY
Office: 202 Keene-Flint Hall
Office hours: R 9-10:30 or by appointment
Phone: 273-3367
Class will meet in Flint Hall 119 on Tuesdays between 11:45 and
1:40
and on Thursdays between 12:50 and 1:40
2009 archaeological summer school in Pohansko

THE COURSE SYLLABUS
Spring 2009
Course description
The German medievalist Eckhard Müller-Mertens
once wrote that he could accept only a strictly geographic definition
of medieval Germany. Indeed, there was no such thing as Germany
in the Middle Ages. No term in medieval German existed for what we now
know as "Germany." It was only in the 1500s that the term Deutschland came to be used and
the term received its nationalistic ring only in the nineteenth
century. The land and the people whose medieval history is to be the
subject of this course were known by a great variety of names. Most of
the provinces of which modern Germany is made up were incorporated into
the Frankish Empire, a process completed only during the reign of
Charlemagne (768-814). In 800, Charlemagne adopted the title of
"emperor of the Romans," but in the tenth century, the eastern parts of
his empire came to be known as the East Frankish kingdom, united since
961 with the Lombard kingdom consisting of northern Italy and augmented
by the Saxon conquests of the Slavic territories in the East, across
the Elbe River. It was only during the eleventh century that the term regnum Teutonicum ("the kingdom of
the Germans") came to be used. Traditionally, the medieval history of
Germany have been referred to by German historians as the period of the
"old empire." The medieval empire was "old" in contrast to the German
Empire established in 1871. It is with this idea in mind that the Nazis
called their Germany "the third empire (Reich)," after the medieval and
modern one. So what was medieval Germany? What makes it so difficult to
represent by the traditional
means of Western historiography and so easy to manipulate in the modern
political discourse? What were the historical conditions in which
German kingship came to represent the earthly vicariate for Christ,
the epitome of the State whose main reason to exist was to protect the
Church? How
were ethnic identities formed and
under what circumstances did the Holy Roman (-German) Empire come into
being? Above all, this
course aims to provide answers to some of these questions. We will
explore
social and political issues of German medieval history and examine
various aspects of daily life and Church organization. Following a
chronological
order, we will look, each week, at the questions and problems raised by
the study of the entire region of Central Europe, and at some of the
primary sources from which
historians draw their analysis.
TEXTBOOKS
- Horst Fuhrmann, Germany in the High Middle Ages, c.
1050-1200.
Cambridge/New York:: Cambridge University Press, 1986; ISBN: 0521266386
[hereafter Fuhrmann];
on two-hour reserve in Library
West.
- Ottonian Germany. The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg.
Translated and annotated by David A. Warner. Manchester/New Yor:
Manchester University Press/Palgrave, 2001; ISBN: 0719049261
[hereafter Warner];
on two-hour reserve in Library
West
- Timothy Reuter, Germany
in the Early Middle Ages, 800-1056. London/New York: Longman,
1991; ISBN:
0582081564 [hereafter Reuter];
on
two-hour reserve in Library
West
- (optional) Medieval Germany. An Encyclopaedia.
Edited by John M. Jeep. New York: Garland Publishers, 2001; ISBN: 0824076443
[hereafter Jeep]; available
in the Reference section (in-library use only) of Library
West.
In addition, there will be several readings from the Internet
Medieval
Sourcebook, compiled by Paul Halsall (www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html).
You will therefore need to have access to and be familiar with the Web.
NOTE: It is essential that you
read the
assigned sections in the textbook(s) at the time they are due.
Assignments:
There is no attendance policy, but you
are responsible
for attending all lectures and reading the required texts. Class
participation
may be taken into account to determine the overall grade. The basis for
evaluation of performance will be a reading journal and a research
paper.
Below is a detailed description of these assignments and the
corresponding
percentages of your final grade. Extra-credit work will be accepted
only
for students with active participation in class discussions. If
necessary,
I will explain the format of the extra-credit option during regular
office
hours. You are otherwise encouraged to keep in touch with me by e-mail,
if you have any questions: I check my mailbox regularly, and promise to
answer quickly.
Reading journal. A quick glimpse
at the list of weekly topics
(see below) will no doubt convince you that this is a course with
serious
readings. You will be expected to digest a substantial amount of
information
in a fairly short period of time. The best way to do this is to keep a
journal. Before every class meeting, you will post an e-mail message on
my address (on top of this syllabus), in which you will discuss briefly
the readings for the coming meeting, ask questions and/or make
comments,
raise issues that need clarification, etc. All e-mails should arrive at
least 12 hours before class meetings. Be sure to keep your postings to
a reasonable length (175 to 250 words long). I do not want you to spend
too much time on them, but I expect you to give an articulate
presentation
of your thoughts. Needless to say, I also expect you to check on
correct
grammar and spelling before clicking on "Send." Because the journal is
designed to demonstrate your efforts towards an initial understanding
of
the readings, I must have in time
one report for
each
class meeting, every week (except, of course, week 10). There are only
29 class meetings with required readings (textbook readings are
indicated in
brackets, followed by online readings, if any, in
the weekly topic list below), so journal
entries for these days represent seventy percent of your final grade,
2.4 % for each entry. I
will send written feed-back (via e-mail) on weekly entries before the
last class meeting with required readings. Reading reports cannot
be made up; you simply need
to have a journal entry for every class meeting. Be aware that missed
reports
may result in a substantially lower grade.
Research paper. The remaining
thirty percent of your final grade will
be based on a paper of approximately ten pages (with a minimum of 8
and an
absolute maximum of 15 pages). The topic of interest to you
may be
chosen from a variety of issues pertaining to medieval Germany that we
will
discuss in class (economic life, society and social structures,
ministerials,
Crusades, conversion to Christianity, rise and growth of towns, art and
literature,
costume, chivalry and Minnesang,
etc.). The research paper topic is due
on the
day of the first class meeting after the Spring Break. Keep in mind
that your
research must include both primary and secondary sources. You can use
the
readings for this course, but in addition you need to have at least six
sources
not listed below. Your relatively complete list of sources to be used
for the
research paper is also due on the day of the first class meeting after
Spring
Break. You are strongly encouraged to begin looking earlier for the
material
for your research paper and to consult with me as early and often as
possible.
Your research paper must follow the formatting and style rules of the Chicago
Manual of Style. It should also follow the expectations of a good
research
paper, with a proper introduction, thesis, body and conclusion, well
written in
proper formal English with correct spelling and punctuation. A research
paper
also implies the proper use of footnotes documenting the sources for
your facts
and ideas. My recommendation is that you write a first draft, which we
(you and
I) can go over during my office hours.
Grades. The
following scale will be used in
determining your final grade
| Points |
Grade |
| 95-100 |
A |
| 85-94 |
B+ |
| 75-84 |
B |
| 65-74 |
C+ |
| 55-64 |
C |
| 45-54 |
D+ |
| 35-44 |
D |
| under 35 |
E |
COURSE WEEKLY TOPICS
Week 1 (01/5-9):
Introduction.
Week 2 (01/12-16):
Sources
- Tuesday: Problems of historiography and of sources [Reuter 1-17; Jeep 362-364]
- Thursday: Thietmar of Merseburg, a key source of Ottonian
Germany [Warner 1-5, 16-26,
49-62; Jeep 754-755]; see a
facsimile of the first
page of
Thietmar's Chronicon
Week 3 (01/19-23):
Carolingian Germany
- Tuesday: Franks, the Frankish kingdom, and Carolingian
Francia [Reuter 21-44; Jeep1-2,
12, 96-98, 98-102, 469-470, 472-473]; see a passage from the Salian Law,
Einhard's
Life of Charlemagne,
the Capitulary
for Saxony, the Life of Liutberga
- Thursday: The East Frankish kingdom and its constituent
parts [Reuter 70-111; Jeep xxxv,
696-697]; see a map of
the division of the Carolingian Empire (ca. 842) and the Annals of Xanten on the
situation in the years following the Treaty of Verdun; see also the plan
of a Benedictine abbey in the library of the St. Gall Abbey (ca. 820)
Week 4 (01/26-30): "The
iron
century" (882-983)
- Tuesday: Late Carolingian Germany [Reuter 115-147; Warner 68-76 and 78-81; Jeep 87-95, 106, 107, 340-341,
357-358, 463-465, 471-472];
see a map of
the Late Carolingian kingdoms; read Ekkehard
of St. Gall on his abbey and an English translation
of the Hildebrandslied; see also an
image of the Holy
Lance and a
late Carolingian representation of Pope Gregory
the Great writing along with his scribes
- Thursday: Otto I and Otto II [Reuter 148-180; Warner 89-148; Jeep 141-142, 371-372, 443-444,
586-587, 588-589, 590-591, 592, 752-753]; see a map of the
stem duchies and a map
of the Ottonian Empire in ca.
962; see also the plan and reconstruction of the Slavic temple at Gross Raden and; see also
the ivory
of Otto II and Theophanu
Week 5 (02/2-6):
Germany under the Ottonians
- Tuesday: Kingship, patronage, and rebellion [Reuter
183-220]
- Thursday: Ottonian society and Church [Reuter 221-252; Jeep 50, 81, 267-268, 374-375,
497-498, 595-605, 643-645]; see the interior of the St. George
Church in Oberzell, the St. Michael Church in
Hildesheim (built by St.
Bernward of Hildesheim), an image of the Benedictine convent of St.
Cyriacus in Gernrode
(near Quedlinburg), and an example of westwork;
read the Life
of Bishop Burchard of Worms; see an illumination from
the Egbert
Psalter, another from the Gero
Codex; see a page from the Bamberg
Apocalpyse and images
of Otto
II by the Gregory Master and of Otto III in
the Aachen Gospels; read Dulcitius, a medieval play by
Hrosvit of Gandersheim (with Latin
text), together with a biography
of the author
Week 6 (02/9-13):
Ottonian hegemony in Europe
- Tuesday: The Slavs and the eastern frontier [Reuter 253-264; Warner 149-204]
- Thursday: The Empire [Reuter
265-286; Jeep
39-41, 200-202, 641-643]; ; see an image of Otto
III on the throne (from the Gospel of Otto III)
Week 7 (02/16-20):
Henry II and Thietmar of Merseburg: the emperor and the chronicler
- Tuesday: The last Ottonian? [Warner
205-234]; see a portrait of Henry
II near one of the entrances into the Cathedral of Bamberg
and an image of his coronation
in a Regensburg sacramentary
- Thursday: The first Salian? [Warner
235-385]
Week 8 (02/23-27): Germany
under the Salian emperors
- Tuesday: Expansion, demographic and economic
growth, and
their problems [Fuhrmann
23-30; Jeep 582, 410-414] ;
see a grant
of market and coinage for the bishop of Osnabrück (952) and
anotheof
privileges to the Jewish community of Speyer (1084)
- Thursday: Salian society and Church [Fuhrmann 31-38; Jeep 142-144, 224-226, 342-343,
660-672, 687-689, 727-728]; see an image of the Benedictine abbey of Maria
Laach (Palatinate), and visit the Speyer Cathedral,
the crypt
of the Salian emperors
Week 9 (03/2-6):
The
Investiture Controversy
Week 10 (03/9-13):
Spring break - no classes
Week 11 (03/16-20): The
Investiture Controversy and its long-term consequences
- Tuesday (research paper topic
and list of sources due): The rise of communes [Fuhrmann 77-81; Jeep 81-82, 116-118, 320, 474-475];
see a genealogy
of the late eleventh- to thirteenth-century Welf family; see Christian
and Jewish
accounts of the 1096 pogrom in Mainz; see an illumination
in the Chronicle of Ekkehard of Aura showing Henry IV handing over the
royal insignia to Henry V; visit the sites of the reformed abbeys of Kastl and Baumburg
(Bavaria); and see Frederick
I's charter of privileges for Lübeck (1188)
- Thursday: Climax and consequences of the Investiture
Controversy (from Canossa to Frederick
Barbarossa) [Fuhrmann 58-75, 81-95, and 116-134; Jeep 140-141, 399-401] ; see the Concordat
of Worms (see also a facsimile of the imperial
privilege); visit the Trifels
Castle, the ruins of the Hohenstaufen stronghold at Oppenheim,
and the Stahleck
Castle founded in 1135 above Bacharach by Count Hermann; see an illumination
in the manuscript of Ekkehard of Aura's Chronicle showing the wedding of
Henry V and Matilda (1114)
Week 12 (03/23-29): Twelfth-century
Germany
- Tuesday: Economic growth [Jeep
153, 321-322]; read a grant
of craft guild to the fishermen of Worms (1106/7), a grant
of mining rights to the Corvey abbey, and Henry
IV's revision of the tolls of Utrecht (1122); see a map
of the eleventh- to thirteenth-century Ostsiedlung, as well as a
detailed map of the rural colonization in Silesia;
visit the Cistercian
abbeys of Kamp,
Ebrach
and Walkenried;
read a biography of Count Wiprecht
of Groitzsch
- Thursday: Church and Landfrieden [Fuhrmann 96-116; Jeep 83, 358-359, 419, 435-436,
441-443]; read the biographies of Hildegard
of Bingen (with a portrait)
and Herrad
of Landsberg; read a synopsis
and the preface
of Hildegard's Scivias (with
an illumination);
visit the abbeys of Siegburg, St.
Blasien, Hirsau,
and Springiersbach,
as well as the convents of Disibodenberg
and Eibingen;
see a portrait of St.
Norbert of Gennep
Week 13
(03/30-04/3): Germany
under the Staufen emperors
- Frederick Barbarossa [Fuhrmann
135-157; Jeep
xxxvi, 155-157, 237-240, 732-734]; see an image
of the emperor from a Vatican manuscript; a charter
of the emperor in favor of Count Hildebrand (1164), the decisions
of the Diet
of Roncaglia and the stipulations of the Peace of Constance; see a map
of the Empire under Barbarossa's rule, a map of
twelfth-century Italy, and the map
of the emperor's Italian expeditions
- Thursday: From Henry VI to Frederick II - empire and papacy
in the struggle for supremacy [Fuhrmann 157-186; Jeep 241-245, 348-350]; see the gold
seal of Henry VI following his proclamation in Palermo (1194); read
three love
songs written by the emperor in Old German with an English
translation of one of them; see an image
of Frederick II and read a summary of the Golden
Bull of Rimini (1226); see an image of the
battle of Bornhöved (1227) and read about the emperor's encounter with the
Ayyubid sultan al-Kamil in 1228; read the Statute
in Favor of the Princes forced upon Henry VII at the 1231 assembly
in Worms; see a brief description of Frederick
II's castle in Lucera, where the emperor established a colony of
Saracens; visit Castel del Monte, the "hunting lodge" Frederick II built in Apulia in 1249; read the sentence
of deposition that Gregory IX pronounced at the Council of Lyons
against Frederick II (1245) and see the ruins of the Castel
Fiorentino where Frederick II died in 1250; see the seal of Henry
Raspe, an image of Alfonso X of Castile,
and another of Charles of
Anjou receiving the crown of Sicily from Pope Clement IV (1266);
see a late medieval, idealized image of the electors
Week 14 (04/6-10): Land
and lordship
- Tuesday: Demographic growth and agriculture [Jeep 163-164]; see a charter
of the Abbey of Stavelot regulating the corvée (1126) and
Henry VII's attempts
to enforce serfdom (1224); read a brief
description of the eastward colonization (to the Polish lands);
visit the Cistercian monasteries of Altzelle (near Dresden), Doberan in
Mecklenburg, Oliva
near Gdansk (Poland), Lubiaz in
Silesia (Poland), and Lehnin
(near Potsdam)
- Thursday: Fiefs and church property. Ministerials and
communes [Jeep 195, 196-197,
346, 434-435, 523-524, 804-805]; see a presentation of the Welf
family and an unusual biography
of Henry the Lion (or the serious one); see a portrait of Otto
the Child, the first duke of Brunswick and another of Adolf,
Archbishop of Cologne; see the tombstone of Siegfried
III of Eppstein, Archbishop of Mainz; read Emperor
Frederick I Barbarossa's regulation
of priestly rights of inheritance (1169), the
imperial precaria of 1241,
and a presentation
of the "Mirror of the Saxons" (Sachsenspiegel);
see a representation of the Heerschildordnung in the
"Mirror of the Saxons"; see an image of the Scharfenberg
Castle near Annweiler; visit the imperial cities of Haguenau
(Alsace), Wimpfen,
and Gelnhausen,
as well as the imperial
palace in Kaiserslautern; visit the episcopal towns of Schaffhausen
(Switzerland), Colmar
(Alsace), Feutchtwangen,
and Wetzlar
Week 15 (04/13-17):
The thirteenth-century expansion
- Tuesday: Thursday: Commercial expansion; see the Hamburg
and Lübeck treaty (1241) and their coinage
agreement (1255); see also the regulations
of the master butchers of Tulln (1237), the rules
of the toll-collectors in Bingen (1178), a collection of Heller, and a map
of the trade routes across Europe, ca. 1200
- Thursday: Church and heresy. The Friars in Germany [Jeep 8-9, 45-46, 52, 144, 161,
199-200, 514-515]; see a presentation of the Beguine
movement; see also a biography of St.
Elizabeth of Thuringia and a biography
of Albertus Magnus
Week 16 (04/19-23): A new society
© 2008 Florin Curta