DRAFT!!

POS 6476

Bureaucratic Politics in the U.S.

Spring, 2013

T 5-7

216 Anderson Hall

Prof. David Hedge

Office: 218 Anderson

Phone: 273-2367

E-mail: dhedge@ufl.edu

Office Hours: MWF 8:30-10:00 and by appt

Public bureaucracies are at the very center of government and for that matter American society. This semester we will consider how bureaucracies relate to one another and their political, economic, and social environments in (primarily) the American political system. More particularly, we will examine the means by which citizens and their governments achieve (or not) accountability and control of the administrative sector. Among the topics we will consider are the growth of the administrative sector, political control of bureaucracy, “bottom-up’ democracy, regulatory federalism, and networks. A number of questions guide that analysis.

How has the administrative sector changed over the course of American history? What factors are responsible for those changes? What is the nature and source (s) of bureaucratic power in America?

What tools do various political actors use to control and oversee public bureaucracies? How effective are those tools?

What role does the bureaucratic sector play in American politics and governance?

How do the problems of accountability and control play out in a federal system of government or where responsibility for policy is shared with the private sector?

Required Texts

Richard Nathan. 1975. The Plot that Failed: Nixon and The Administrative Presidency. John Wiley. (used copies available through ebay, Barnes and Noble or Amazon.com)

David E. Lewis. 2003. Presidents and the Politics of Agency Design. Stanford University Press.

Daniel P. Carpenter. 2001. The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862-1928. Princeton University Press.

Additional readings are available on-line through the UF library or can be found on the course cd (labeled @below).

Expectations

1. Class time will be spent reviewing the week's readings. While the readings are often extensive, I expect them to be read (and on time) and I expect you to be prepared to summarize, critique, and draw implications from each of the assigned readings (you will be asked to write a brief 1-2 page reaction paper most weeks). My role will simply be to guide the discussion. I do not intend to lecture. As with all my courses, I do not take attendance. Nonetheless I expect you to attend each class and participate in class discussion.

2. At the midpoint of the semester I will ask you to write a synthesis paper that summarizes and critiques the literature on political control of the bureaucracy.

3. Each of you will also write a 15-page research paper on some aspect of bureaucratic life. My intention is to use some of class time most weeks to talk to each of you individually about your papers.

Grading

33% Class Participation and Weekly Reaction Papers

33% Synthesis Papers

33% Research Paper

Incompletes are only given in rare and deserving cases and at the discretion of the instructor. Student who believe that they will not be able to complete all the requirements for the course in due time have to discuss an “I” (Incomplete) grade with the instructor before the research paper is due. Students will have to sign an “Incomplete Contract” (available at http://www.clas.ufl.edu/forms/) and complete all their requirements by a set date. Students should be aware that “I” grades become punitive after one term.

Honor Code: Academic honesty and integrity are fundamental values of the University community. An academic honesty offense is defined as the act of lying, cheating, or stealing academic information so that one gains academic advantage. In the event that a student is found cheating or plagiarizing, s/he will receive a zero for the assignment and will be reported to Student Judicial Affairs. For more information, go to: http://www.dso.ufl.edu/studentguide/studentrights.php

Students with disabilities requesting classroom accommodation must first register with the Dean of Students Office. The Dean of Students Office will provide documentation to the student who must then provide this documentation to the Instructor when requesting accommodation. Anyone with a disability should feel free to see the professor during office hours to make the necessary arrangements.

Course Outline, Schedule, and Readings

January 8 -- Introduction to Course

January 15 -- The Rise of the Administrative Sector

Michael Nelson. 1982. "A Short Ironic History of American National Bureaucracy." Journal of Politics.
44:747-778. e-journal

Daniel P. Carpenter. 2001. The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy. Princeton University Press, Intro, Ch. 1,2, and Conclusion and either a) Ch. 3, 4, 5 (postal service) or b) Ch. 6,7,8,9 (USDA).

Steven Skownorek. 1981. Preface, Ch. 1 and Epilogue. Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities, 1877-1920. Cambridge University Press. @

January 22 -- The Administrative Presidency

Richard Nathan. 1975. The Plot that Failed: Richard Nixon and the Administrative Presidency.

Richard Waterman. 1989. Introduction, Ch. 1,2,5, Presidential Influence and the Administrative State. University of Tennessee Press.

David Hedge. Forthcoming, 2013. "George W. Bush and Political Control of the Bureaucracy," White House Studies.

January 29-- Congressional Control and Oversight I

Terry M. Moe. 1985. “Control and Feedback in Economic Regulation: The Case of the NLRB.” American Political Science Review 79 (December): 1094–1117. e-journal

B. Dan Wood and Richard W. Waterman. 1991. “The Dynamics of Political Control of the Bureaucracy.” American Political Science Review. 85 (September): 801-28. e-journal

Daniel Carpenter. 1996. “Adaptive Signal Processing, Hierarchy, and Budgetary Control in Federal Regulation.” American Political Science Review. 90 (June): 283-302. e-journal

Barry Weingast and Mark Moran.1983. "Bureaucratic discretion or congressional control? Regulatory policymaking by the Federal Trade Commission." Journal of Political Economy 91(5): 765. e-journal

Charles R. Shipan. 2004. "Regulatory Regimes, Agency Actions, and the Conditional Nature of Congressional Influence." American Political Science Review. 98 (August): 467-480. e-journal

Jason McDonald, 2010. "Limitation Riders and Congressional Influence over Bureaucratic Policy Decisions."American Political Science Review. 104 (November): 766-782. e-journal

February 5-- Congressional Control and Oversight II

Matthew D. McCubbins. 1999. “Abdication or Delegation? Congress, the Bureaucracy, and the Delegation Dilemma.” Regulation, 22 (2) 30 -37. e-journal

Balla, Steven J. 1998. “Administrative Procedures and Political Control of the Bureaucracy.” American Political Science Review 92 (September): 663-673. e-journal

David Hedge and Renee Johnson. 2002. “The Plot that Failed: The Republican Revolution and Political Control of the Bureaucracy.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 12 (3) 333-351. e-journal

Jason Webb Yackee and Susan Webb Yackee. 2010. “Administrative Procedures and Bureaucratic Performance: Is Federal Rule-making “Ossified”? Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 20 (2): 261-282. e-journal

Matthew D. McCubbins, Roger G. Noll, and Barry R. Weingast. 1987. "Administrative Procedures as Instruments of Control.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Fall): 243-277. e-journal

Recommended:

Matthew D. McCubbins and Thomas Schwarz.1985. "Congressional Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrols versus Fire Alarms." American Journal of Political Science. 28(1): 165. e-journal

Balla, Steven J., and John R. Wright. 2001. “Interest Groups, Advisory Committees, and Congressional Control of the Bureaucracy.” American Journal of Political Science 45, (October): 799-812 e-journal

February 12 – Presidents, Congress, and Agency Design

David E. Lewis. 2003. Presidents and the Politics of Agency Design.

February 19 --The Courts and Bureaucracy

James Q. Wilson. 1989. Chapter 15 “Courts.” in Bureaucracy: What Governments Do and Why They Do It. Basic Books.

Kenneth Meier and John Bohte. 2007. “Judicial Controls on Bureaucratic Power,” pp. 151-156. in Politics and the Bureaucracy: Policymaking in the Fourth Branch of Government. Thompson Wadsworth.

William Gormley. 1989. Chapter 3, "Due Process" in Taming the Bureaucracy (Princeton University Press).

Brandice Canes-Wrone. 2003. “Bureaucratic Decisions and the Composition of the Lower Courts.” American Journal of Political Science. 47 (April) 205-214. e-journal

Joseph Smith. 2005. “Congress Opens the Courthouse Doors: Statutory Changes Under the Clean Air Act.” Political Research Quarterly. 58 (March) 139-149. e-journal

Reginald Sheehan. 1990. “Administrative Agencies and the Court: A Reexamination of the Impact of Agency Type on Decisional Outcomes.” Western Political Quarterly. pp. 875-885. e-journal

February 26 – SYNTHESIS PAPER DUE

March 5 -- SPRING BREAK

March 12 -- Interest Groups and the Question of Capture

James Q. Wilson. 1989, Chapter 5, “Interest,” in Bureaucracy: Why Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It.

Richard Posner. 1974. "Theories of Economic Regulation." The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science. 5 (August): 335-358.

Jeffrey Cohen. 1986. The Dynamics of the “revolving door” on the FCC.” American Journal of Political Science. e-journal

Gordon and Hafer. 2005. “Flexing Muscle: Corporate Political Expenditures as Signals to Bureaucracy.” American Political Science Review. e-journal

Jason Webb Yackee and Susan Webb Yackee. 2006. “A Bias Towards Business? Assessing Interest Group Influence on the U.S. Bureaucracy.” Journal of Politics, Vol. 68, No. 1 (February): 128-139. e-journal

March 19 --Networks I -- Federalism

Scholz, J. T. & Wei, F.H. (1986). “Regulatory Enforcement in a Federalist System.”American Political Science Review, 80, 1249-70. e-journal.

Hedge, D.M., Scicchitano, M.J., & Metz, P. (1991). “The Principal-agent Model and Regulatory Federalism.” Western Political Quarterly, 44, 1055-1080. e-journal

Bradbury, John C. (2006). “Regulatory Federalism and Workplace Safety: Evidence from OSHA Enforcement.” Journal of Regulatory Economics. 29, 221-224. e-journal

Woods, Neal D. (2008). “Serving Two Masters? State Implementation of Federal Regulatory Policy.” Public Administration Quarterly. 32, 571-595. e-journal

Chubb, John, 1985. "The Political Economy of Federalism." American Political Science Review. 79 (December: 994-1015. e-journal

March 26 – Networks 2 - Private-Public Partnerships

Jonathon G.S. Koppell. 2003. Ch. 1-3. The Politics of Quasi-Government Hybrid Organizations and the Dynamics of Bureaucratic Control. Cambridge University Press.

Christine A. Kelleher. 2008. “A Political Consequence of Contracting: Organized Interests and State Agency Decision Making.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 19: 579-602.

Kristina T. Lambright. 2008. “Agency Theory and Beyond: Contracted Provider’s Motivations to Properly Use Service Monitoring Tools.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 19: 207-227.

April 2 -- To Be Announced

April 9-- Work on Papers

April 16 – Work on Papers

April 23 – Work on Papers

Monday, April 29 – Research Paper Due

6933

Bureaucratic Politics in the U.S.

Spring, 2012

W 8-10

216 Anderson Hall

Prof. David Hedge

Office: 218 Anderson

Phone: 273-2367

E-mail: dhedge@ufl.edu

Office Hours: Monday 1-4:00 and by appt.

How has the administrative sector changed over the course of American history? What factors are responsible for those changes? What is the nature and source (s) of bureaucratic power in America?

What tools do various political actors use to control and oversee public bureaucracies? How effective are those tools?

What role does the bureaucratic sector play in American politics and governance?

How do the problems of accountability and control play out in a federal system of government or where responsibility for policy is shared with the private sector?

Required Texts

Richard Nathan. 1975. The Plot that Failed: Nixon and The Administrative Presidency. John Wiley. (used copies available through ebay, Barnes and Noble or Amazon.com)

David E. Lewis. 2003. Presidents and the Politics of Agency Design. Stanford University Press.

Kenneth Meier and Laurence O’Toole. 2006. Bureaucracy in a Democratic State. John Hopkins University Press.

Additional readings have been placed on reserve ® in the graduate student room on the 3rd floor of Anderson Hall and others are available on-line through the UF library.

Expectations

2. At the midpoint of the semester I will ask you to write a synthesis paper that summarizes and critiques the literature on political control of the bureaucracy.

Grading

25% Class Participation and Weekly Written Assignments

25% Synthesis Paper

50% Research Paper

Grading Scale:

90-100 A 87-89 A-

84-86 B+ 80-83 B

77-79 B- 74-76 C+

70-73 C 67-69 C-

64-66 D+ 60-63 D

Below 60 F

Please note: a C- is not a qualifying grade for major, minor, Gen Ed, Gordon Rule, or College Basic distribution credit. For more information, go to: http://www.registrar.ufl.edu/catalog/policies/regulationgrades.html

Course Outline, Schedule, and Readings

January 11 -- Introduction to Course

January 18 -- The Rise of the Administrative Sector

James Q. Wilson. 1975. “The Rise of the Bureaucratic State.” The Public Interest. 41: 77-103. e-journal

Michael Nelson. 1982. "A Short Ironic History of American National Bureaucracy." Journal of Politics.
44:747-778. e-journal

Kenneth Meier and John Bohte. 2007. Chapter 3, “Bureaucratic Power and its Causes.” in Politics and Bureaucracy: Policy Making in the Fourth Branch of Government. Thompson Wadsworth. @

Steven Skownorek. 1981. Preface, Ch. 1 and Epilogue. Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities, 1877-1920. Cambridge University Press. @

January 25 -- Congressional Control and Oversight I

Lawrence Dodd and Richard Schott. 1986. “Congressional Oversight and the Federal Bureaucracy.” In Congress and the Administrative State. John Wiley and Sons.

Terry M. Moe. 1985. “Control and Feedback in Economic Regulation: The Case of the NLRB.” American Political Science Review 79 (December): 1094–1117. e-journal

B. Dan Wood and Richard W. Waterman. 1991. “The Dynamics of Political Control of the Bureaucracy.” American Political Science Review. 85 (September): 801-28. e-journal

John D. Huber, Charles R. Shipan, and Madelaine Pfahler. 2001. “Legislatures and Statutory Control of Bureaucracy.” American Journal of Political Science 45 (April): 330-345. e-journal

Daniel Carpenter. 1996. “Adaptive Signal Processing, Hierarchy, and Budgetary Control in Federal Regulation.” American Political Science Review. 90 (June): 283-302. e-journal

Barry Weingast and Mark Moran.1983. "Bureaucratic discretion or congressional control? Regulatory policymaking by the Federal Trade Commission." Journal of Political Economy 91(5): 765. e-journal

February 1 -- Congressional Control and Oversight II

Matthew D. McCubbins. 1999. “
Abdication or Delegation? Congress, the Bureaucracy, and the Delegation Dilemma.” Regulation, 22 (2) 30 -37. e-journal

Balla, Steven J. 1998. “Administrative Procedures and Political Control of the Bureaucracy.” American Political Science Review 92 (September): 663-673. e-journal

Jason Webb Yackee and Susan Webb Yackee. 2010, “Administrative Procedures

and Bureaucratic Performance: Is Federal Rule-making “Ossified”?

Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 20 (2): 261-282. e-journal

Matthew D. McCubbins, Roger G. Noll, and Barry R. Weingast. 1987

“Administrative Procedures as Instruments of Control.” Journal of

Law, Economics, and Organization, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Fall): 243-277. e-journal

Recommended:

Matthew D. McCubbins and Thomas Schwarz.1985. "Congressional Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrols versus Fire Alarms." American Journal of Political Science. 28(1): 165. e-journal

Balla, Steven J., and John R. Wright. 2001. “Interest Groups, Advisory Committees, and Congressional Control of the Bureaucracy.” American Journal of Political Science 45, (October): 799-812

February 8 -- The Administrative Presidency

Richard Nathan. 1975. The Plot that Failed: Richard Nixon and the Administrative Presidency.

Marissa Golden. What Motivates Bureaucrats? Politics and Administration During the Reagan Years.

Wood, B. Dan. 1988. “Principals, Bureaucrats, and Responsiveness in Clean Air Enforcements.” American Political Science Review 82 (March): 213–234.

David Hedge. 2009. "George W. Bush and Political Control of the Bureaucracy," presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Toronto.

February 15 – Presidents, Congress, and Agency Design.

David E. Lewis. 2003. Presidents and the Politics of Agency Design.

February 22 --The Courts and Bureaucracy

James Q. Wilson. 1989. Chapter 15 “Courts.” in Bureaucracy: What Governments Do and Why They Do It. Basic Books.

Kenneth Meier and John Bohte. 2007. “Judicial Controls on Bureaucratic Power,” pp. 151-156. in Politics and the Bureaucracy: Policymaking in the Fourth Branch of Government. Thompson Wadsworth.

William Gormley. 1989. Chapter 3, "Due Process" in Taming the Bureaucracy (Princeton University Press).

Brandice Canes-Wrone. 2003. “Bureaucratic Decisions and the Composition of the Lower Courts.” American Journal of Political Science. 47 (April) 205-214. e-journal

Joseph Smith. 2005. “Congress Opens the Courthouse Doors: Statutory Changes Under the Clean Air Act.” Political Research Quarterly. 58 (March) 139-149. e-journal

Reginald Sheehan. 1990. “Administrative Agencies and the Court: A Reexamination of the Impact of Agency Type on Decisional Outcomes.” Western Political Quarterly. pp. 875-885. e-journal

February 29 – SYNTHESIS PAPER DUE

March 14 -- Interest Groups and the Question of Capture

James Q. Wilson. 1989, Chapter 5, “Interest,” in Bureaucracy: Why Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It.

Jeffrey Cohen. 1986. The Dynamics of the “revolving door” on the FCC.” American Journal of Political Science. e-journal

Gordon and Hafer. 2005. “Flexing Muscle: Corporate Political Expenditures as Signals to Bureaucracy.” American Political Science Review. e-journal

March 21 – “Bottom Up” Democracy I

Kenneth Meier and Laurence O’Toole. 2006. Bureaucracy in a Democratic State.

March 28 – “Bottom Up” Democracy II –Representative Bureaucracy

Selden, Sally. 1997. Chapter 1, pp 3-9 and Chapter 3 in The Promise of Representative Bureaucracy. Armonk NY: ME Sharpe.

Romzek, Barbara, and J. Stephen Hendricks. 1982. “Organizational Involvement and

Representative Bureaucracy: Can We Have It Both Ways?” American Political Science

Review 76 (March): 75–82. e-journal

Kelly, Rita Mae and Meredith Newman. 2001. The Gendered Bureaucracy: Agency Mission, Equality of Opportunity, and Representative Bureaucracies. Women & Politics 22 (3): 1- 33. e-journal

Wilkins, Vicky, and Lael R. Keiser. 2006. “Linking Passive and Active Representation by Gender.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 16 (January), 87-102. e-journal

Meier, Kenneth J., Robert D. Wrinkle, and J.L. Polinard. 1999. Representative Bureaucracy and Distributional Equity: Addressing the Hard Question. Journal of Politics 61 (4): 1025-39. e-journal

April 4 -- Networks I - Federalism

Scholz, J. T. & Wei, F.H. (1986). “Regulatory Enforcement in a Federalist System.”American Political Science Review, 80, 1249-70.

Hedge, D.M., Scicchitano, M.J., & Metz, P. (1991). “The Principal-agent Model and Regulatory Federalism.” Western Political Quarterly, 44, 1055-1080.

Bradbury, John C. (2006). “Regulatory Federalism and Workplace Safety: Evidence from OSHA Enforcement.” Journal of Regulatory Economics. 29, 221-224.

Woods, Neal D. (2008). “Serving Two Masters? State Implementation of Federal Regulatory Policy.” Public Administration Quarterly. 32, 571-595

April 11 – Networks 2 - Private-Public Partnerships

Jonathon G.S. Koppell. 2003. Ch. 1-3. The Politics of Quasi-Government Hybrid Organizations and the Dynamics of Bureaucratic Control. Cambridge University Press.

Christine A. Kelleher. 2008. “A Political Consequence of Contracting: Organized Interests and State Agency Decision Making.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 19: 579-602.

April 18 – Work on Papers

April 25 – Work on Papers

Monday, April 30 – Research Paper Due