WRITING A GOOD TERM PAPER

    Term papers can take several forms, ranging from historiographical surveys of a particular topic to focussed analyses using a body of primary sources (journals, plantation records, newspapers). The UF Library has an extremely strong Caribbean history collection, probably the best anywhere; the term paper gives you an opportunity to use a world-class resource base to explore a topic of your choosing. The following points should be taken into account:

    Your paper should be ten pages long, not counting the bibliography of works used, or the title-page, if you use one.  (Writing to a word-limit, as to a deadline, is an important skill to acquire.)   Use end-notes or, preferably, footnotes to document all quotations, any information that is disputed, and your most important points.  Use a recognized citation style, preferably Chicago Manual of Style, and note that notes and bibliographies use a different format.

    The subject chosen must lie (primarily) within the chronological and geographical limits of the course. Listed below are some questions and reading material that might help you formulate a topic. If you choose a topic we have covered in class, you will be held to a higher standard than than if you have to research a subject from scratch.

    You ought to have selected a topic by mid-term; this involves reading ahead in the course material. Students frequently encounter heavy demand for the same books; if library books are on loan, fill out a recall form. Discuss your choice with me; I can usually help. Aim to write several drafts; allow time to polish the writing and adjust balance and coverage. An essay needs to be crafted, not just poured out on to paper. Ten to twelve pages of text, not counting notes and bibliography, is sufficient. However, students wishing to write a longer piece preparatory to an honors thesis (and who have a 3.5 UDGPA) are encouraged to do so.

    The merit of the paper partly will be judged on whether it lives up to the expectations created by its title. Don't call a paper "Jamaican slave resistance" and write only about maroons or 19th century revolts. Hence, choose your title carefully, and adjust it, if necessary.

    Aim for an analytic rather than purely descriptive approach. One way to do this is to adopt a "compare and contrast" framework. E.g. look at the same phenomenon in different colonies ordifferent periods. Also, while you may feel unable to criticize the opinions of published scholars, if you read two or three works on the same subject, you should start to notice differences in content or interpretation, about which you can form your own opinions. Conversely, you need to be able to justify your criticisms. In evaluating a book, take into account when it was published, who published it, and what sources it used. Beware of popular, unscholarly accounts, especially on the internet; material is only as reliable as the person who put in there. Books published by university presses and written by academics are likely to be the most reliable. It may be helpful to read reviews of the work, published in journals such as American Historical Review (available on-line via JSTOR) and New West Indian Guide.

    Remember history is in large measure concerned with cause and effect; that is, how and why things change, especially why they do so at a particular point in time. So, if you want to write about Haitian Vodou, do not simply describe it. Rather, examine how it has developed and what roles it has played through history.

    Avoid frequent or lengthy quotations. There is no reason to quote any author directly, unless the precise form of words is crucial. This should be your writing not someone else's. And note that the vast majority of students vastly overuse the word vast.

    Consider using materials contemporary with the topic you are studying, either as a source of data to analyze or for evidence of attitudes specific to a time and place. For example, colonial era newspapers carried not just news and opinion but also lists of fugitive slaves, shipping and price data, and adverts of plantations for sale. The library has abundant correspondence in French and Spanish by participants in the Haitian Revolution, plantation accounts from Jamaica and Saint Domingue, and extensive government papers from the Bahamas, Surinam and the Danish West Indies. See me, if you are interested in working with historical documents; also Geggus, The Caribbean Collections at the University of Florida: A Brief Description.

    In writing papers, be certain to give proper credit whenever you use words, phrases, ideas, arguments, and conclusions drawn from someone else’s work.  Failure to give credit by quoting and/or footnoting is plagiarism and is unacceptable. Please review the University’s honesty policy at http://www.dso.ufl.edu/Academic_Honesty.html.

    Part of your grade is determined by spelling, grammar, use of words, and punctuation. Pay close attention to the attached list. Do not use the "historical present" tense; use the past tense for past events, i.e. not, "In 1492 the Spanish reach the Americas and a demographic catastrophe begins."

                               FAVORITE MISSPELLINGS AND OTHER MUCH-ABUSED WORDS
 

         one country,  one country's trade                [singular possessive]
         two countries,  two countries' trade             [plural possessive]

         effect [noun]                                    An important effect
         affect [verb: to influence]                      that affected many people
         effect [(rarer), verb: to carry out]             To effect a change

         Cuba's trade expanded.  It [NOT "they"] became wealthier.
         [countries are singular not plural nouns]

         there [place] / their [possessive]               There is their dog
         its [possessive] / it's [it is]                  It's in its kennel

         Caribbean, Indian
         Jamaica, Haiti
         Spain, Spanish, Spaniard
                                                          One phenomenon, two phenomena
                                                          One criterion, two criteria
         explanation, explain

         A Spanish city (adjective takes capital letter)
         A capital city; the U.S. Capitol in D.C.

         receive                                          hierarchical
         seize                                            monarchical
         foreign                                          bureaucracy
         priest                                           bourgeois, bourgeoisie
                                                          to dominate a dominant person
         independent, independence
         separate
         privilege
                                                          a king's reign; to give free rein
                                                          occur, occurrence

         principle [noun]; principal [adj.]               A lack of principle
                                                          A principal reason

                                                          Never "off of"; just "off"
         lose/loose: A loose screw.  To lose your mind

         too/to/two: Two is too many to invite

             fewer [plural] / less [singular]
             Fewer people, less population
             Fewer workers, less work
             Fewer jobs, less employment

        Commas and periods go inside quotation marks in U.S. (not British) punctuation:
        "African American," or "of African descent," have in the 1990s tended to replace
        "Afro-American," just as in the 1960s "Black" replaced "Negro."

BIBLIOGRAPHIES FOR CARIBBEAN TERM PAPERS

---

II. MODERN CARIBBEAN. LAH 4472 AND LAH 3470.

GENERAL WORKS

David Watts, The West Indies: Patters of Development, Culture and Environmental Change since 1492 (1987), ch. 1, 10 ,11, an up-to-date and highly regarded historical geography; Eric Williams, From Columbus to Castro, Dated but lively, by a major politician; Franklin Knight, The Caribbean: Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism, 2nd ed. (1990); David Lowenthal, West Indian Societies (1972), wide-ranging, richly detailed, but excludes Spanish islands; Sidney Mintz, Caribbean Transformations (1974), important set of essays by the leading anthropologist; Sidney Mintz, Sally Price, eds. Caribbean Contours (1985), pluridisciplinary set of overviews; Gordon Lewis, Growth of the Modern West Indies (1968) (politics), and Main Currents in Caribbean Thought (1983). Mimi Sheller, Consuming the Caribbean, a postmodern perspective.

Leading journals: New West Indian Guide (NWIG) (especially good for anthropological and postcolonial perspectives); Social & Economic Studies (local scholarship); Slavery & Abolition; J of Caribbean History.

An excellent source for exploring the full range of modern Caribbean material in the library is this library guide.

ENDING SLAVERY

Eric Williams, Capitalism & Slavery; Seymour Drescher, Econocide, and Capitalism & Antislavery; Barbara Solow, British Capitalism & Caribbean Slavery, part IV; Robin Blackburn, Overthrow of Colonial Slavery; David Davis, Slavery & Human Progress; S. Carrington, The Sugar Industry, reviewed in J.Interdisciplinary History 34:3 (2004): 489-491; M. Craton, Testing the Chains (revolts); Rebecca Scott, Slave Emancipation in Cuba; C. Deive, Esclavitud del Negro en Santo Domingo; Dale Tomich, Slavery in the Circuit of Sugar (Martinique);

HAITIAN REVOLUTION AND THE CARIBBEAN

Geggus, Impact of the Haitian Revolution, A Turbulent Time, and Haitian Revolutionary Studies; Geggus & Fiering, World of the Haitian Revolution; L. Dubois, A Colony of Citizens, and Avenging America; L. Langley, The Americas in the Age of Revolution; F. Knight, Modern Caribbean, ch. 2; T. Ott, Haitian Revolution; José L. Franco, Revolución y conflictos and Ensayos históricos (on Aponte); C. Goslinga, Dutch in the Caribbean (1991); R. Blackburn, Overthrow of Colonial Slavery; E. Genovese, From Rebellion to Revolution; E. Córdova-Bello, Independencia de Haitì; Gaspar & Geggus, Turbulent Time.

SLAVERY IN CUBA

Louis Pérez, Cuba; Manuel Barcia, Seeds of Insurrection: Domination and Resistance on Western Cuban Plantations, 1808‐1848; Rebecca Scott, Slave Emancipation in Cuba; Manuel Moreno Fraginals, The Sugarmill/El Ingenio; Robert Paquette, Sugar Is Made From Blood; David Murray, Odious Commerce; Laird Bergad, Sugar & Society; George Brandon, Santeria From Africa to the New World; José Luciano Franco, Ensayos históricos & Los palenques; Miguel Barnet, Autobiography of a Runaway Slave; G. Larosa Corzo, Los cimarrones de Cuba, and Runaway Slave Communities; Saul Vento, Rebeldías de esclavos en Matanzas; Pablo Tornero Tinajero, Crecimiento económico y transformaciones sociales.

POST-SLAVERY ADJUSTMENTS: PEASANTS & PLANTATIONS

(overview) R. Scott, Societies After Slavery (bibliography); F. Knight, Modern Caribbean, ch. 3; F. Cooper, Beyond Slavery; Williams, Columbus to Castro, ch. 18-21; Malcolm Cross, Peasants, Plantations and Rural Communities (1979); Jean Besson, Land and Development in the Caribbean; Stanley Engerman, Between Slavery and Free Labor (Sp.Cbn.); Malcolm Cross, Labour in the Caribbean; M. Shabuddeen, From Plantocracy to Nationalism; M. Turner, From Chattel Slaves; Craton & Emmer in New West Indian Guide 1994-5;  Mary Butler, Economics of Emancipation (Barbados); S. Drescher, ed. Meaning of Freedom: Economics, Politics and Culture, and The Mighty Experiment: Free Labor versus Slavery in British Emancipation.
(peasantries) Mintz, Cbn. Transformations, part 2; Bridget Brerereton, “Family Strategies”; Pamela Scully, Gender and Slave Emancipation in the Atlantic World; Paul Moral, Paysan haïtien; Mats Lundahl, Man and Land in Haiti; Thomas Holt, Problem of Freedom,  S. Wilmot, Adjustments to Emancipation, G. Heuman, The Killing Time, and Abigail Bakan, Ideology and Class Conflict (1990) (Jamaica); Karen Olwig, Cultural Adaptation and Resistance on St John; Michel Trouillot, Dominica in the Modern World System; Douglas Hall, Five of the Leewards; M. Craton, Islanders in the Stream vol 2 (Bahamas); Brian Moore, Race, Power & Social Segmentation (Guyana); W. Rodney, History of the Guyanese Working People (1981);
see Indentured Servitude list

INDEPENDENCE IN THE SPANISH CARIBBEAN

F. Knight, Modern Caribbean, ch. 9; L. Martínez, Torn Between Empires; Louis Pérez, Cuba, War of 1898, etc.; A. Ferrer, Insurgent Cuba, H. Thomas, Pursuit of Freedom; Raymond Carr, PR; O. Jiménez de Wagenheim, PR's Revolt for Indep.; H. Lidín, Hist. of the PR Indep Movement; S. Welles, Naboth's Vineyard (DR); H. Hoetink, The Dominican People; F. Moya Pons, Dominican Republic; A. Cambeira, Quisqueya La Bella; R. Crasweller, Trujillo; P. de San Miguel, Los campesinos; M. Baud, Peasants. see Cuban Revolution list

HAITI

David Nicholls, From Dessalines to Duvalier; Mats Lundahl, Peasants and Poverty; Mats Lundahl, The Haitian Economy (1983); L. Dubois, Haiti: The Aftershocks of History; B. Plummer, Haiti & the Great Powers; Michel-Rolph Trouillot, State Against Nation (1989); L.-F. Hoffmann, Haïti: lettres et l’être; G. Barthélemy, Dans la splendeur d’un après-midi; L. Hurbon, Comprendre Haïti; J. Dayan, Haiti, History & the Gods; M. Dash, Haiti Anthology, Haiti & the U.S; M, Renda, Taking Haiti

BRITISH CARIBBEAN IN THE 20TH CENTURY

General:Knight & Palmer, Mod. Cbn., ch. 4-6, 11-12; Gordon Lewis, Growth of the Modern West Indies; Mintz, Caribbean Contours, ch 1 & 7; O. Bolland, On the March; Brian Meeks, Radical Caribbean
  Jamaica: Thomas Holt, Problem of Freedom; George Beckford, Small Garden, Bitter Weed; Carl Stone, Class, State and Democracy in Jamaica; Carlene Edie, Democracy By Default; Trevor Munro, Jamaican Politics: A Marxist Perspective; Darrell Levi, Michael Manley.
  Trinidad: Selwyn Ryan, Race and Nationalism in Trinidad, and Muslimeen Grab for Power; Kelvin Singh, Race & Class; Bridget Brereton, History of Modern Trinidad; Susan Craig, Smiles and Blood; P. Hintzen, Costs of Regime Survival; Kevin Yelvington, Trinidad Ethnicity.
  Grenada: Gordon Lewis, Grenada; Paul Sutton, Grenada; Jorge Heine, ed., Revolution Aborted (1991); Grenada Documents: A Overview; Tony Martin, In Nobody's Backyard; Kai Schoenals, Revolution and Intervention; Bryan Meeks, Caribbean Revolutions & Revolutionary Theory (Grenada, Cuba, Nicaragua).
  Federation: J. Mordecai, The West Indies; Hugh Springer, Reflections;  E. Wallace, British Caribbean; A. Tuttle, West Indies Federation.

AFRICA AND THE MODERN CARIBBEAN

See religion list
Margaret Crahan, Africa and the Caribbean; Monica Schuler, Alas, Alas, Kongo (Jamaica); Maureen Warner-Lewis, Guinea's Other Suns (Trinidad); Amy Garvey, Garvey and Garveyism; Rupert Lewis, Garvey: His Work and Impact; Horace Campbell, Rasta and Resistance: Garvey to Rodney; Winston James, Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia; Tony Sewell, Garvey's Children; Richard Burton, French and West Indian; Richard Burton, Afro-Creole and "Négritude to Antillanité," New West Indian Guide (1993), 8-28; Leslie Desmangles, Faces of the Gods and Sandra Barnes, Africa's Ogun (Haitian voodoo); Jean Stubbs, Afrocuba; George Brandon, Santeria From Africa to the New World; Robin Moore, Nationalizing Blackness: Afrocubanismo.  The works of Marcus Garvey; C. Price "Expressions of Ethiopianism in Jamaica" NWIG (2003):31-64; B. Chevannes, Betwixt and Between...African- Caribean Mindscape (Jamaica)

THE U.S. AND THE MODERN CARIBBEAN

Anthony Maingot, The United States & the Caribbean (1994); Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution; David Healy, Drive to Hegemony (1988); Lester Langley, The US and the Caribbean in the 20th Century; C. Ayala, American Sugar Kingdom (Cuba, DR, PR); Brenda Plummer, Haiti and the Great Powers; Richard Weisskopf, Factories and Foodstamps  (Puerto Rico); Glenn Phillips, The Caribbean Basin Initiative (1987); Dana Munro, Intervention and Dollar Diplomacy; Bruce Calder, Impact of Intervention (DR); A. Lowenthal, Dominican Intevention; C. Ayala, American Sugar Kingdom.
   see Cuban Revolution list.

CUBAN REVOLUTION

M. Pérez-Stable, Cuban Revolution (1993); Carmelo Mesa Lago, Cuba in the 1970s (1974); Jean Stubbs, Cuba The Test of Time (l989); Jorge Domìnguez, Cuba: Order and Revolution (1978); Jules Benjamin, The United States and the Origins of the Cuban Revolution (1990); Mario Llerena, Unsuspected Revolution; Tad Szulc, Fidel: A Critical Portrait; Mario Lazo, American Policy Failures in Cuba (1968); Peter Bourne, Fidel; G. Hagelberg, “Cuban Sugar in the Soviet Era,” Cambridge Journal of Economics (1994); The Cuban Revolution at Thirty; Gillian McGillivray, Blazing Cane: Sugar Communities, Class and
State Formation in Cuba, 1868‐1959; Thomas G. Paterson, Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution;  

POPULAR CULTURE

Donald Hill, Calypso Calaloo; R. Gibbons, Calypso Triology; G. Rohlehr, Calypso and Society; John Cowley, Carnival, Canboulay and Calypso; J. Bettleheim, Caribbean Festival Arts; M. Crahan, Africa and the Caribbean, ch on Jonkonnu; Rex Nettleford, Caribbean Cultural Identity; D. Thomas, Modern Blackness: Nationalism, Globalization, and the Politics of Culture; John S. Roberts, Black Music of Two Worlds; Peter Manuel, Caribbean Currents; S. Mintz, Caribbean Contours ch by Bilby (music); Carolyn Cooper, Noises in the Blood (gender, orality); Gage Averill, A Day for the Hunter (Haitian music); G. Béhague, Music and Black Ethnicity

RELIGION

General: Nathaniel Murrell, Afro-Caribbean Religions; George Simpson, Religious Cults of the Caribbean; Robert Thompson, Flash of the Spirit; B. Gates, Afro-Caribbean Religions; A. Pollak-Eltz, Cultos Afroamericanos; S. Barnes, Africa's Ogun; S. Frey, Come Shouting to Zion.

Cuba: David Hall, Santeria Enthroned; Jean Stubbs, Afrocuba (1993); Michael Horowitz, Peoples & Cultures of the the Cbn (Bascomb ch on Santeria); Joseph Murphy, Working the Spirit, and Ritual Systems in Santeria; Fernando Ortiz, Los negros brujos (Cuba); G. Brandon, Santeria From Africa to the New World; Miguel Barnet, Afro-Cuban Religions; L. Cabrera, El Monte, La regla kimbisa, Yemayà y Ochùn;

Jamaica: on 19thC:  Mary Turner, Slaves and Missionaries; Philip Wright, Knibb the Notorious; Hope Waddell, Twenty-Nine Years in the West Indies; James Phillippo, Jamaica: Its past and Present State; Margaret Crahan, Africa and the Caribbean, ch on Myalism; Edward Brathwaite, "Kumina," Jamaica Journal 42 (1978); Robert Stewart, Religion and society in post- emancipation Jamaica; Nancy Prince, Black Woman's Odyssey; Catherine Hall, Civilising Subjects.
on Rastafari:  Ennis Edmonds, Rastafari; Barry Chevannes, in New West Indian Guide (1990 & 1992) & several books; Leonard Barrett, Sun and the Drum and The Rastafarians; Donald Hogg, Jamaica's Religions; George Cumper, The Potential of Rastafarians; Horace Campbell, Rasta and Resistance; Rupert Lewis, Garvey: His Work and Impact.

Trinidad: Frances Henry, African Religions in Trinidad, and Reclaiming African Religions; William Bascomb, Shango in the New World; Maureen Warner-Lewis, Guinea's Other Sons (1991); M. Klass, Singing with Sai Baba.

Haiti: L. Desmangles, Faces of the Gods; H. Courlander, Drum and the Hoe; Geggus, "Haitian Voodoo in the 18thC" Jahrbuch fur Geschichte Lateinamerikas (1991) (& 4th floor reserve); M. Laguerre, Voodoo and Politics in Haiti; A. Métraux, Haitian Voodoo; Rémy Bastien, Vodoun and Politics; B. Diederich, Papa Doc; L. de Heusch, "Kongo in Haiti," Man 27 (1989); K. McCarthy Brown, Mama Lola.; J. Dayan, Haiti, History & the Gods; Kate Ramsey, "Without one ritual note: folklore performance and the Haitian state, 1935-1946," Radical History Review 84 (2002).

PUERTO RICAN SLAVERY/19thC ECONOMY

Francisco Scarano, Sugar and Slavery; Laird Bergad, Coffee and the Growth of Agrarian Capitalism; José Curet, De la esclavitud a la aboliciòn, 1979; Los amos hablan; Andrés Ramos Mattei, Hacienda azucarera 1981; Stanley Engerman, etc. Between Slavery and Free Labor; Fernando Picó, Libertad y servidumbre; Arturo Morales Carrión, Auge y decadencia de la trata negrera; Luis Martínez Fernández, article in New West Indian Guide 67:1 (1993); Guillermo Baralt, Esclavos rebeldes; Guillermo Baralt, La Buenavista; Luis Dìaz Soler, Historia de la esclavitud negra; Benjamin Nistal-Moret, Esclavos, profugos y cimarrones: PR 1780-1873, and El proceso abolicionista en PR, 1984; Teresita Martìnez-Vergne, Capitalism in Colonial PR...Late 19thC; L. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women’s History

PUERTO RICO IN THE 20TH CENTURY

Raymond Carr, Puerto Rico: A Colonial Experiment; Gordon Lewis, Puerto Rico; Juan Silén, Historia de la nación puertorriqueña, 1980; James Dietz, Economic History of PR; Jay Mandle, Patterns of Caribbean Development, 1982; Manuel Maldonado-Denis,  PR: A Socio-Historic Interpretation, 1972; Adalberto López, The Puerto Ricans: Their History, Culture and Society; Arturo Morales Carrión, PR: a Political and Cultural History, 1983; José González,  El país de cuatro pisos, 1980 (also in English); L. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women’s History; Frances Negrón‐Muntaner and Ramón Grosfoguel, Puerto Rican Jam: Rethinking Colonialism and Nationalism

ETHNICITY & RACE RELATIONS

Intro: G. Oostindie, Caribbean Ethnicity; D.Lowenthal, West Indian Societies (ch. 3-5, 7); Hoetink in Mintz, Caribbean Contours; H. Hoetink, Cbn Race Relations; M. Harris, Patterns of Race in the Americas; D. Nicholls, Haiti in Caribbean Context, ch. 1 "Caste, Class & Color"; O. Cox, Caste, Class, and Race; M.G. Smith, Plural Society in the W.I. and Culture, Race & Class; R.T. Smith, Kinship & Class
Race & Slavery: F. Tannenbaum, Slave and Citizen; H. Klein, Slavery in the Americas; L. Foner, Slavery in the Americas.; H. Hoetink, Slavery and Race Relations
Race & Colonialism: F. Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks; Aimé Césaire, Discourse on Colonialism; A. Memmi, Colonizer and the Colonized
Cases: David Howard, Coloring the Nation (D.R.); Aline Helg, Our Rightful Share (Cuba); R. Paquette, Sugar is Made with Blood, A. Ferrer, Insurgent Cuba, and V. Martinez-Alier, Marriage, Class, Color (19thC Cuba); A. De La Fuente, A Nation for All (20thC Cuba); K. Yelvington, Trinidad Ethnicity, and Producing Power; V. Munasinghe, East Indians & the Cultural Politics of Identity; Steven Vertovec, Hindu Trinidad (1993); David Dabydeen, Across Dark Waters; Donald Wood, Trinidad in Transition; W. Rodney, History of the Guyanese Working People; Brian Moore, Cultural Power; Brackette Williams, Stains on My Name (Guyana); D. Nicholls, Haiti in Cbn. Context ch. 8 (Syrians), ch 4 (Trinidad), ch 1 (Haiti); M. Klass, Singing with Sai Baba; M. Warner Lewis, Guinea's Other Suns (Africans in Trinidad); Giraud & Burton in R. Burton, French and West Indian
  see also, Indentured Servitude list

GENDER

P. Wilson "Reputation and Respectability" Man 4 (1969): 70-84; V. Shepherd, Engendering History, and Women in Caribbean History; R. Reddock, Women Plantation Workers; J. Momsen, Women & Change; H. Beckles, Centering Woman; B. Bush, Slave Women; M. Morrissey, Slave Women; S. Buckridge, Language of Dress; Celsa Albert Batista, Mujer y esclavitud en Sto. Domingo; M. Smith, West Indian Family Structure; R.T. Smith, Negro Family in Br. Guiana, and Matrifocal Family; A.Trotz, "Gender, Race & Family in Guyana" NWIG (2003):5-29; Bridget Brerereton, “Family Strategies”; Nancy Prince, Black Woman's Odyssey; P. Mohamed, [several titles: see LUIS]; V. Martìnez-Alier, Marriage, Class, Color (19thC Cuba); Eileen Findlay, Imposing decency : the politics of sexuality and race in Puerto Rico, 1870-1920; Debra Curtis, Pleasures and Perils: Girls? Sexuality in a Caribbean Consumer Culture; Lois Smith, Sex & Revolution (20thC Cuba); Margaret Randall, Women in Cuba; H. Safa, Myth of the Male Breadwinner; Carolyn Cooper, Noises in the Blood; Olive Senior, Working Miracles; K. Hart, Women and the Sexual Division of Labor; C. Lopez Springfield, Daughters of Caliban; Christine Barrow, Family in the Caribbean; Gautier in R. Burton, French and West Indian; L. Delgado, Puerto Rican Women’s History; B. Silvestrini, Women & Resistance; R. Kanhai, Matikor…Indo-Caribbean Women;  Errol Miller, Men at Risk; B. Chevannes, Learning to be a Man.

INDENTURED SERVITUDE

David Northrup, Indentured Labor (overview); W. Look Lai, Indentured Labor (Indians and Chinese); Lisa Yun, The Coolie Speaks (Chinese in Cuba); K. Lopez, Chinese Cubans; Mary Thomas, Jamaica and Voluntary Laborers from Africa, 1840-1865; R. Chen, The Shopkeepers (Chinese); Cuba Commission Report (Chinese); Caribbean Quarterly 50:2 (Chinese); Monica Schuler, Alas, Alas, Kongo (Free Africans in Jamaica); Alan Adamson, Sugar and Slaves. (Br. Guiana); B. Moore, Cultural Power, Resistance...Guyana; Hilary Beckles, V. Shepherd, eds. Caribbean Freedom, section 4 (chapters on Cuban Chinese, Indians in Br. Cbn., Portuguese in Br. Guiana, French Cbn. Indentureship); Verene Shepherd, Maharani’s Misery: Narratives of a passage from India to the Caribbean; E. Jenkins, The Coolie: His Rights and Wrongs (1871) http://dloc.com/AA00013942/00001; Max Sulty, Migration de l'hindouisme; M. Shahbuddeen, From Plantocarcy to Nationalism; Keith Laurence, Question of Labour; B. Brereton, Hist. of Modern Trinidad; R. Hoefte, In place of slavery : a social history of British Indian and Javanese laborers in Suriname; articles in Itinerario (1997)

TOURISM

F. Taylor, To Hell With Paradise; P. Pattullo, Last resorts: the cost of tourism in the Caribbean; K. Kempadoo, Sun, Sex and Gold; L. Perez, On Becoming Cuban; R. Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba; R. Robinson, Is Tourism a Viable Strategy?; Dawn Marshall, Tourism and employment in Barbados; Mimi Sheller, Consuming the Caribbean; G. Gmelch, Behind the Smile; S. Gmelch, Tourists and Tourism; C. Jayawardana, Caribbean Tourism; J. Maerk Turismo en el Caribe; F. Babb, The Tourism Encounter

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