International Non-Governmental Organizations

What Do INGOs Do?

• INGOs and governments

– Monitoring

– Pressuring

– Replacing

• INGOs and IOs

– Negotiating parties

– subcontracting

Areas of INGO Activity

• Humanitarian aid

• Human rights

• Development

• Gender issues

• Environmental issues

• Religion

Dimensions of NGOs

• Organization

• Governance

• Financing

• Strategy

• Output

Criticisms of INGOs

• Organizational governance and democratic deficits

• Financing and cooptation

• Financing and publicity

• Cultural imperialism

• Should there be international constraints on the operations of INGOs?

Transnational Corporations

How Do TNCs Affect IOs?

• Production issues

– Globalized manufacturing

– Resource extraction

• Tax issues

• Lobbying

• Cooperation

Views of TNC Accountability

• They are accountable to nobody

• They are accountable to their home governments

• They are accountable to host governments

• They are accountable to their consumers