Development

Measuring Development

•Wealth

-Average wealth (but measured how)

-Levels of poverty

-Industrialization, economic complexity

•Health

-Access to medical care

-Life expectancy

•Social goods

-Environmental conditions

-Education, literacy

Measuring Development (2)

•The Human Development Report

•GDP per capita, at PPP

•HDI (Human Development Index)

•HPI (Human Poverty Index)

-Developing countries

-Developed countries

•GDI (Gender-related Development Index)

•The mean and the distribution

The Developing World

•Is the south doing better or worse?

-Absolute and relative gains

-Countries vs. people

-Africa

•Is it meaningful to speak of a developing world?

-The north-south divide versus differences within the developing world

Modernization and Dependency

•Modernization theory

-A linear path to development

-Liberal and mercantilist modernization

•Dependency theory

-Development and underdevelopment

-Capitalism and crises of production

•The role of colonialism?

Strategies for Development

•Industrialization

-Export-led industrialization

-Import-substitution industrialization

•Statism and marketism

-Liberalization as development strategy

•Economic infrastructure

-Regulation, financial infrastructure

•Human infrastructure

-Education, poverty reduction

•Good government?

Development Politics

•Development lending and development assistance - the World Bank and the UNDP

•The G-77 and UNCTAD

-The NIEO

•Cartels and price supports

•The G-20 and the Doha Round

Foreign Aid

•Should we be giving it?

-Development aid vs. humanitarian aid

•Under what conditions?

-Tied aid

-Conditionality

•Who gives it?

•Who gets it?

•Development assistance and the aid trap

Food and Agriculture

•The problem is distribution, not quantity

•Hunger and famine

-Famine is a political creation

-Hunger is a problem of urban poverty

•The aid trap, again

•Subsidies and hunger

The Transition Economies

Central Planning

•Did it have any successes?

-Industrialization

-Distributions of wealth

-Social standards

Institutional Frameworks of a Market Economy

•Market mechanisms and price system

•Currency system

•Fiscal system

-Fiscal management and taxation

•Financial system

•Legal system

-Property rights, enforced rule of law

•Privatization

The Range of Transitioning Economies

•Central Europe

•Southeastern Europe

•Russia

•Central Asia

•Asia-Pacific